habdomyomas are benign mesenchymal tumors composed f striated mature skeletal muscle cells, being no more than % of all striated muscle tumors,1 distinguished in cardiac nd extracardiac subtypes. Cardiac rhabdomyomas occur enerally in children and are considered hamartomatous esions, often associated with phacomatoses, such as tuberus sclerosis,1,2 and hamartomas of the kidney and other rgans.1...

Background Cardiac death is the leading cause of mortality in patients with sarcoidosis. However, the incidence of cardiac sarcoidosis in those with extracardiac disease has yet to be formally examined. Cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) imaging with late gadolinium enhancement (LGE) may identify the myocardial infiltration of cardiac sarcoidosis (CS), and thus allow risk stratification of...

The proepicardium is a transient extracardiac embryonic tissue that gives rise to the epicardium and a number of coronary vascular cell lineages. This important extracardiac tissue develops through multiple steps of inductive events, from specification of multiple cell lineages to morphogenesis. This article will review our current understanding of inductive events involved in patterning of the...

Extracardiac rhabdomyomas (RM) are very rare benign tumors with a poorly understood pathogenesis. In this report we describe two RM cases--a sublingual adult type tumor and a genital type tumor involving the uterine cervix. The patho-clinical characteristics, as well as the pioneer immunohistochemical analysis of ERK1/2 and AKT/mTOR pathway status is included. The expression of key proteins inv...

We report two cases of venous cannulation after a total cavopulmonary connection (TCPC) with extracardiac conduit. Venous cannulation was performed via side graft sutured to the extracardiac conduit in an end-to-side fashion. The first case was a 3-year-old girl, who suffered from an atypical inferior vena cava obstruction after TCPC. The obstruction region was distal to the anastomosis site of...

A 66-year-old man with a cardiac resynchronization therapy defibrillator (CRT-D: Quadra Assura 3367-40QC, St. Jude Medical Inc.) experienced asymptomatic intermittent inhibition of biventricular pacing, mainly after meals. All measured parameters of the true bipolar ventricular lead (Durata 7122Q, St. Jude Medical Inc.) were in the normal range and general provocative maneuvers could not reprod...