Method • Cut a piece of tape about 3 cm (approximately 1.2 inches) in length. • Gently evert (turn out) the lower eyelid to its former, normal position. • Apply one end of the tape to the skin about half a centimetre (5 mm or about 0.2 inches) below the centre of the lower eyelid. • Pull gently downwards on the tape, creating a horizontal fold in the skin below the eyelid (Figure 1). • Secure t...

BACKGROUND Sebaceous cell carcinoma of the eyelid is a malignant tumor. However, the pathoetiology of sebaceous cell carcinoma is not clear. Retinoic acid (RA) signaling is essential for skin epidermal differentiation including the eyelids. In this study, we investigate the expression of β-catenin, RA-binding proteins and RA receptors in sebaceous cell carcinoma of the eyelid and try to estimat...

inverted follicular keratosis (ifk) a benign tumor of skin appendages which is mostly presented as a solitary nodule with keratotic or scaling surface on the face of a middle aged or old patients but it can develop in other parts of the body. different studies have lead to development of different theories about the role of human papillomavirus (hpv) in this kind of skin tumor. the purpose of t...

Background: Primary Mucinous eccrine carcinoma (PMEC) is a quite rare malignant tumor that typically involves the head and neck region in approximately 75% of patients and the periorbital area is the most common area. Case Presentation: A 57-year-old man was seen with a  painless red mass involving the left lower eyelid for the past 7 months. Examination revealed a small mass measuring 0.6 cm ...

BACKGROUND The purpose of this study was to evaluate the viability of skin grafts used for correction of cicatricial ectropion resulting from previous ablative surgery and radiotherapy for head and neck cancer and to report overall outcomes of cicatricial ectropion repair. METHODS This is a retrospective, noncomparative case series of all consecutive patients with head and neck cancer who had...

OBJECTIVES To describe techniques used for reconstruction of the eyelids following total loss of the upper and lower eyelids and to describe visual and functional outcomes. METHODS Multicenter, retrospective, interventional case series of all of the patients requiring unilateral reconstruction of both the upper and lower eyelids. RESULTS Six cases were identified, 1 following trauma and 5 f...

Blepharochalasis is an uncommon disorder distinguished by recurrent episodes of eyelid oedema in young patients. A hypertrophic form, manifested as fat herniation, and an atrophic form, manifested as fat atrophy, have been described. Ptosis with excellent levator function, laxity of the lateral canthal structures with rounding of the lateral canthal angle, nasal fat pad atrophy, and redundant e...

The eyelid region is one of the most common sites for nonmelanoma skin cancers. In fact, skin cancers of the eyelid, including basal cell carcinoma (BCC), squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), and melanoma, account for five to ten percent of all skin cancers. Ninety five percent of these tumors are basal cell carcinomas or squamous cell carcinomas [1,2]. A lower-eyelid reconstruction after cancer exti...

purpose: to report a case of metastatic tumor to the right upper eyelid originating from a lung adenocarcinoma without any systemic signs. case report: a 68-year-old man had a two-month history of painless swelling in the right upper eyelid. the tumor slowly grew. two years before his presentation, he had received chemotherapy for lung cancer for one year. systemic and ocular examinations were ...

BACKGROUND The determination of human skin thickness has been achieved through various methods, both in vivo and in vitro. Ultrasound and histometric analyses have been the most commonly used. However, absolute values of epidermal and dermal thicknesses have demonstrated variability among the different modalities, leaving questions regarding the ability to standardize or compare results of diff...