The famous F5 algorithm for computing Gröbner basis was presented by Faugère in 2002. The original version of F5 is given in programming codes, so it is a bit difficult to understand. In this paper, the F5 algorithm is simplified as F5B in a Buchberger’s style such that it is easy to understand and implement. In order to describe F5B, we introduce F5-reduction, which keeps the signature of labe...

Diarrhoea due to enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli with fimbriae F4 (ETEC-F4) is an important problem in neonatal and just weaned piglets and hence for the pig farming industry. There is substantial evidence for a genetic basis for susceptibility to ETEC-F4 since not all piglets suffer from diarrhoea after an ETEC-F4 infection. It is assumed that the wild boar was originally ETEC-F4 resistant an...

Ribonucleotide reductases (RRs) are evolutionarily-conserved enzymes that catalyze the rate-limiting step during dNTP synthesis in mammals. RR consists of both large (R1) and small (R2) subunits, which are both required for catalysis by the R1(2)R2(2) heterotetrameric complex. Poxviruses also encode RR proteins, but while the Orthopoxviruses infecting humans [e.g. vaccinia (VACV), variola, cowp...

This study examines dental, alveolar, retroflex and palatal lateral formants. Data are taken from three languages of Central Australia: Arrernte, Pitjantjatjara and Warlpiri. Results show that in relation to the alveolar lateral, the dental has a lower F1 and a higher F4; the retroflex has lower F3 and F4 and slightly higher F2; and the palatal has lower F1 and higher F2, F3 and F4. These resul...

So far, three subtypes of the F4 (K88) fimbrial antigen of porcine enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli, F4ab, F4ac, and F4ad, have been distinguished by using polyclonal antisera in agglutination and precipitation tests. The a factor represents one or more common epitopes, whereas each of the b, c, and d factors represents one or more subtype-specific epitopes. We further characterized the F4 anti...

Sato J.P.H., Takeuti K.L., Andrade M.R., Koerich P.K.V., Tagliari V., Bernardi M.L., Cardoso M.R.I. & Barcellos D.E.S.N. 2016. Virulence profiles of enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli isolated from piglets with post-weaning diarrhea and classification according to fecal consistency. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 36(4):253-257. Setor de Suínos, Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal do R...