As part of a programme for the implementation of a Smoking Control Policy in our hospital, an open study, without randomization, of 65 hospital workers, who wanted to give up smoking, was carried out. The characteristics of smoking in each subject were recorded. The Fagerstrom Questionnaire was used to measure the degree of dependence on nicotine. The treatment consisted of the daily use of 16 ...

OBJECTIVE Exploration of the variable effect of the degree of smoking dependence on psychomotor performance and working memory capacity. METHODS This is a randomized, controlled, prospective study conducted in the Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Al-Mustansiriya University, Baghdad, Iraq from 15 January 2011 to 25 February 2011. After third stage male medical students complete...

OBJECTIVE Although attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a well-known risk factor for cigarette smoking, prospective studies aimed at reducing smoking risk in this population are critically needed. STUDY DESIGN This was a 2-year, prospective, open-label clinical trial of extended-release methylphenidate for smoking prevention in adolescents with ADHD (n = 154). Smoking outcomes w...

Although the effect of gene-gene interaction on nicotine-dopamine metabolism for smoking behavior has been reported, polymorphisms of dopamine D2 receptor (DRD2) and monoamine oxidase A (MAOA) have not been simultaneously examined among smokers. In this study, 481 young Taiwanese men completed a self-report questionnaire on smoking status, and data were obtained on polymorphisms of DRD2 rs18004...

BACKGROUND Measures of tobacco dependence are mainly used in the clinical setting, but limited information is available on tobacco dependence on a population level. MATERIALS AND METHODS To obtain estimates of tobacco dependence on a population level, a six-item Fagerstrom questionnaire was used in two surveys, conducted in 2002-2003 on a sample of 6773 individuals aged 15 years or over, repr...

PURPOSE To identify predictors that influence tobacco smoking cessation among Jordanian college students and to test the utility of the Trans-Theoretical Model for future cessation programs in this population. METHOD A cross-sectional survey of randomly selected college students (18 to 22 years of age) who were smokers was conducted at two Jordanian universities. The surveys included the: Tob...

BACKGROUND Although nicotine dependence plays a role as a main barrier for smoking cessation, there is still a lack of solid evidence on the validity of biomarkers to determine nicotine dependence in clinical settings. This study aimed to investigate whether urinary cotinine levels could reflect the severity of nicotine dependence in active smokers. MATERIALS AND METHODS Data regarding genera...

The Fagerstrom Test for Nicotine Dependency (FTND) has been widely used to assess nicotine dependence. current study intended investigate the psychometric properties and utility among regular cigarette users. But there no evaluation of FTND in context Pakistani culture. Thus, users Pakistan. was based on a cross-sectional survey design. Regular smokers were selected as sample, with age range 25...

BACKGROUND This study examines how nicotine dependence is distributed across socioeconomic gradients in rural Yunnan province, which has the most ethnic minorities in one province in southwest China. METHODS A cross-sectional survey was conducted in four rural areas of Yunnan province among 17,158 consenting individuals aged ≥18 years in 2011. Information on demographic characteristics and sm...