Manure is a common source of nitrogen (N) in organic farming. However, manure not always easily available, while the maximum N amount added as animal agriculture restricted by EU regulations. The present study was designed to test whether green manuring with warm-season legume and intercropping cold-season can substitute farm-yard or compost sources greenhouse tomato crops. To this hypothesis, ...

Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) is one of the major legume crops grown in Pakistan having a considerable importance as a food, feed and fodder but due to imbalanced use of fertilizers its production is low. To find the optimum level of Phosphorus and FYM for chickpea and study their effect on agronomic characteristics an experiment was carried out at the Agricultural Research Farm of NWFP Agricul...

Facing widespread poverty and land degradation, Vietnam started a land reform in 1993 as part of its renovation policy package known as “Doi Moi”. This paper examines the impacts of improved land tenure security, via this land reform, on manure use by farm households. As manure potentially improves soil fertility by adding organic matter and nutrients to the soil surface, it might contribute to...

An economic analysis was performed on treatment options for pig manure in Ireland. Costs were based on a 500 sow integrated pig farm producing 10,500 m(3) of manure per year at 4.8% dry matter. The anaerobic digestion of pig manure and grass silage (1:1; volatile solids basis) was unviable under the proposed tariffs, with costs at € 5.2 m(-3) manure. Subsequent solid-liquid separation of the di...

A mail survey of 1,200 farms across 16 states was conducted to identify the number, type, and size of manure storages per farm, as well as safety-related behaviors or actions related to entry into confined-space manure storage and handling facilities. Respondents provided data on 297 storage units and facilities, with approximately 75% reporting up to three storages per farm operation. Dimensio...

The biodegradation and hydrolysis rates of an aliphatic aromatic copolyester were measured in manure, food, and yard compost environments and in phosphate buffer solution (pH 1⁄4 8.0) and vermiculite at 58 C. Mineralization, molecular weight reduction, and structural changes determined by DSC, FTIR, and 1H NMR were used as indicators of the biodegradation and hydrolysis rates. Poly(butylene adi...