This paper develops a model of FDI with reverse imports examining the impact of FDI on the home economy through the “hollowing out” effect on the domestic employment. A foreign wage threshold exists. If the foreign wage is lower than the threshold, the home firm chooses FDI. The threshold depends on a FDI fixed cost and a demand parameter. A welfare analysis shows that another foreign wage thre...

A general design technique for achieving single faulttolerant asynchronous sequential circuits is described. The design procedures apply over a large range of fault conditions and are extremely easy to use. Generally, less than three times the logic required for a single copy is needed to achieve single fault tolerance. In addition to fault tolerance, real time fault detection is easily achieve...

For fault-tolerant real-time filtering, an efficient two-filter architecture is proposed. In the two-filter architecture, a host filter is operated permanently. A compression filter is intermittently initialized and operated during prescribed time intervals. to handle measurements susceptible to soft faults. New compression filters are derived based on time-propagated measurement concept. The d...

Faults and errors are an unavoidable aspect of high performance computing systems. Emerging exascale systems will contain billions of hardware components and complex software stacks. In addition, higher fabrication density and power challenges will further compound fault detection, management and recovery. Efficient fault tolerance and resiliency frameworks are thus of immense importance in the...

Different test sequence selection methods, namely, the Dmethod, C-method, W-method, T-method, U-method, Uvmethod and the Wp-method, are reviewed and analysed for their fault detection capabilities. We show that the C-method and the Uv-method do not provide complete fault coverage. These seven methods are formally analysed for their fault diagnosis capabilities under single fault assumption. Amo...

Inspection policies are essential for many types of systems for which the status (functioning or failed) can be determined only by actual inspection. Two types of inspection error may occur. A functioning system may be incorrectly assessed as having failed or a failed system may be incorrectly assessed as functioning. These errors are designated as Types I and II respectively, and their impact ...

Multiple timing faults, although detectable individually, can hide each other’s faulty behavior making the faulty system indistinguishable from a non-faulty one. A set of graph augmentations are introduced for single timing faults. The fault detection capability of the augmentations is analyzed in the presence of multiple timing faults and shown that multiple occurrences of a class of timing fa...