Many philosophers endorse deterrence justifications of legal punishment. According to these justifications, punishment is justified at least in part because it deters offenses. These justifications rely on empirical assumptions, e.g., that non-punitive enforcement can’t deter or that it can’t deter enough. I’ll challenge these assumptions and argue that extant deterrence justifications of legal...

The toxicity of five commercial bait formulations (Raid Max, Combat, Maxforce, Avert PT310, and Magnetic Roach Food) against various stages and sexes of JWax-susceptible and Muncie-resistant strains of German cockroaches, Blatella germanica (L.), was investigated in choice and no-choice bioassays. The role of strain, bait, stage, sex, and feeding bioassay main effects on cockroach mortality was...

introduction: it is generally accepted that breast feeding has a beneficial effect on the health of infants and children. the evidence that breast feeding protects against obesity is inconclusive also the influence of breast feeding on blood pressure in later life is uncertain. the major aim of this study was to assess the association between method of infant breast feeding and components of th...

feeding habits of yellowfin seabream, acanthopagrus latus was investigated in coastal waters of the northern persian gulf. this investigation was conducted by monthly sampling of thirty fish from september 2011 through august 2012. fish size ranged from 17.98 ± 2.07 to 32.31 ± 6.52 cm in total length and from 134.01 ± 45.62 to 720.46 ± 292.58 g in weight. the highest value of gastro-somatic ind...

feeding performance of the green oak leaf roller, tortrix viridana (linnaeus) was determined on three host plants including quercus libani oliv, quercus infectoria oliv, and quercus branti lindl, under laboratory conditions. mean total leaf weight consumed by larvae was the highest on q. branti (0.31 g) and the lowest on q. libani (0.14 g).the feeding index was the highest on q. libani while th...

In a survey of Australian citizens (valid N = 1,406), personal and social norms were found to moderate effects of deterrence on tax evasion. Personal, internalized norms of tax honesty were negatively related to tax evasion and moderated the effects of deterrence variables (i.e., sanction severity), suggesting deterrence effects only when individual ethics were weak. Perceived social norms, bey...

Brake fern, Pteris vittata, not only tolerates arsenic but also hyperaccumulates it in the frond. The hypothesis that arsenic hyperaccumulation in this fern could function as a defense against insect herbivory was tested. Fronds from control and arsenic-treated ferns were presented to nymphs of the grasshopper Schistocerca americana. Feeding damage was recorded by visual observation and quantif...

In a simulation model, the relative advantage of negative versus positive allometry of defense, that is, early versus delayed defensive investment, depends on the forms of the relationships between body size and growth, body size and mortality deterrence, and defense size and mortality deterrence. Positive allometry is favored by strongly sigmoidal growth, a strongly convex body-size/deterrence...

Objectives Investigate how different model assumptions have driven the conflicting findings in the literature on the deterrence effect of capital punishment. Methods The deterrence effect of capital punishment is estimated across different models that reflect the following sources of model uncertainty: (1) the uncertainty about the probability model generating the aggregate murder rate equation...

This study looks into the employment of deterrence to reduce security breaches within organisations. The result reveals that current deterrence is less influential. This study suggests that organisations should shift towards the detection of violations and the identification of perpetrators. The research also presents a conceptual architecture of multiple strategies. Keywords— Information Secur...