Intrapartum ultrasound has become more popular over the last decade. It provides a more objective assessment of fetal head position and station than traditional digital vaginal examination, which is now known to be inaccurate. Correct identification of fetal head position is particularly useful before instrumental delivery, although it should not be used in the first stage of labour to predict ...

Dual Doppler echocardiography is a recently developed technique performed using an instrument with two separate sample gates, allowing simultaneous recording of signals from two locations. We describe the use of dual Doppler echo­ cardiography to assess fetal cardiac rhythm. Fetal arrhythmias are common and encountered in 1 to 2% pregnancies. They often resolve spontaneously and do not require ...

PURPOSE To establish a correlation between testicular position and fetal weight, in order to provide an additional prenatal parameter for fetal weight estimation. MATERIALS AND METHODS We studied 288 testes from 144 human fetuses. The fetuses were assessed as regards weight, total length, crown-rump length and foot length. Fetal age was calculated according to the foot length criteria. The po...

Adverse fetal heart rate (FHR) changes suggestive of fetal hypoxia are seen in patients with normal term pregnancies after initiation of epidural block for labour analgesia. It was our hypothesis that, in some parturients, these changes were a consequence of concealed aortocaval compression resulting in decreased uterine blood flow. We expected that the full lateral position compared with the w...

background: detection of women at risk for dystocia will allow physicians to make preparations and treatment decisions that can minimize maternal and neonatal morbidity. we aimed to determine the risk factors for dystocia in nulliparous women. methods: this case series enrolled 447 nulliparous women who presented with a single pregnancy in the vertex presentation and gestational age of 38-42 we...

Penetration of the subarachnoid space by fetal scalp electrode Fetal scalp electrodes of various designs are used widely for continuous intrapartum fetal heart rate monitoring. Minor lacerations of the scalp are common, and 1-0-4-5% of infants may develop scalp ulceration or abscess.1 2 We describe two cases in which there was penetration of the subarachnoid space with leakage of cerebrospinal ...