One strategy to restore vision in retinitis pigmentosa and age-related macular degeneration is cell replacement. Typically, patients lose vision when the outer retinal photoreceptor layer is lost, and so the therapeutic goal would be to restore vision at this stage of disease. It is not currently known if a degenerate retina lacking the outer nuclear layer of photoreceptor cells would allow the...

We present examples of nerve fibre layer changes in diseases thought to affect primarily the outer retinal layers. These disease processes include cone-rod dystrophies, rod-cone dystrophies, juvenile macular degeneration (Stargardt's disease) and fundus flavimaculatis, vitelliform macular dystrophy, and Leber's congenital amaurosis. All were associated with alterations in the retinal nerve fibr...

Bran from bread wheat (Triticum aestivum 'Babbler') grain is composed of many outer layers of dead maternal tissues that overlie living aleurone cells. The dead cell layers function as a barrier resistant to degradation, whereas the aleurone layer is involved in mobilizing organic substrates in the endosperm during germination. We microdissected three defined bran fractions, outer layers (epide...

in this paper, we have proposed a numerical method for singularly perturbed  fourth order ordinary differential equations of convection-diffusion type. the numerical method combines boundary value technique, asymptotic expansion approximation, shooting method and  finite difference method. in order to get a numerical solution for the derivative of the solution, the given interval is divided  in...

The histochemical demonstration of nucleoside diphosphatase as a specific microglial marker was used to study the distribution of this glial cell type in the cerebral cortex of Podarcis muralis and Podarcis hispanica. Our results showed that in both species, NDPase staining was specific for the microglial cell population and that microglial cells displayed a specific localization pattern in the...

Uptake of 3H-serotonin is localized to the outer plexiform layer in Long-Evans rat retinas. Autoradiographic accumulation is seen only after in vitro incubation in the light, with retinas isolated from the underlying sclera. Potassium stimulates the release of 3H-serotonin. In this species, amacrine cells do not accumulate these compounds; thus the outer plexiform layer appears to be the only s...

Fragments of the Azotobacter vinelandii tetragonal surface (S) layer, free of outer membrane material, were obtained by treating whole cells with 100 microM EDTA. The three-dimensional structure of the S layer was reconstructed from tilted-view electron micrographs of the S-layer fragments, after computer-assisted image processing by correlation averaging. At a resolution of 1.7 nm, the S layer...

The morphology, microhardness and dentin permeability of the furcation region of maxillary premolars were evaluated. Ten premolars were cut lengthwise and the furcation region was delimited. In one group (n=10) microhardness was measured in the buccal, central and palatal regions, in the outer middle and inner layers of the furcation, and in the buccal and palatal regions adjacent to the furcat...

A case of tamoxifen retinopathy examined with spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) is presented. The typical refractile deposits are located between ganglion cell layer and inner plexiform layer in SD-OCT. A defect on the outer retinal layer with disruption of the photoreceptor layer with sharp edges is seen. The still attached posterior hyaloids gives evidence of other pathome...