Whether the distance between the filler and the gap increases or decreases the difficulty for comprehenders has always been subject to debate. Locality theory claims that the greater the distance between the filler and the gap, the more difficult it is. However, anti-locality theory predicts that the greater the distance, the easier it is. This study examined whether it was the position of the ...

While previous research has shown that working memory capacity (WMC) predicts sentence processing ability, the understanding of the relationship is limited as almost all studies have used the reading span task as their sole measure of WMC. The current study examined how the effects of garden-path sentences and filler-gap dependencies (as indexed by the P600) related to four measures of working ...

Sentences that involve direct and indirect object relative clauses contain displaced syntactic constituents (or fillers) that do not appear in their canonical object position following the verb. During real-time comprehension, when the head of such a relative clause is encountered, it has been argued that the human sentence processing mechanism will automatically project a syntactic structure t...

Studies of working memory demonstrate that some forms of information are retrieved by a content-addressable mechanism (McElree & Dosher, 1989; McElree, 1996, 1998), whereas others require a slower search-based mechanism (McElree & Dosher, 1993). Measures of the speed and accuracy of processing sentences with filler-gap dependencies demonstrate that the probability of maintaining a representatio...

This paper presents three self-paced, word-by-word reading experiments that test for the existence of on-line syntactic storage/expectation costs in English. To investigate this issue, we compared reading times for sentence regions in which syntactic expectation costs varied, keeping other factors constant. Experiment 1 manipulated the number of verbs needed to form a grammatical sentence. It w...

The aim of this study was to evaluate the ability of new rubbery liners, used as a cervical increment, to relieve contraction stress and thereby reduce the formation of cervical gaps in class II composite restorations. The investigated liners were made of polyester-acrylate (PE(1), PE(2) or PE(3)) or silicone-acrylate (S), mixed with UDMA, without (A, B, C, D) or with HEMA (AH, BH, CH, DH). A s...

Disposal packages containing high heat generating spent nuclear fuels (SNF) require improved heat transfer to keep the peak cladding temperature from going above the tolerance limit. Filling the accessible void spaces between the container and the SNF with a high heat conducting metal is a potential solution. In metal casting, it is well known that a gap forms at the metal-mold interface due to...

Russian and Polish lack ’unbounded’ syntactic dependencies that fall into the primary empirical domain of TAG-Adjoining, namely, long-distance movement/filler-gap dependencies across a tensed clause boundary. A theory that incorporates Adjoining as a recursive structure building device provides a novel and straightforward account of this gap, whereas existing theories of syntactic locality, e.g...

Prior studies on online sentence processing have shown that the parser can resolve non-local dependencies rapidly and accurately. This study investigates the interaction between the processing of two such non-local dependencies: wh-filler-gap dependencies (WhFGD) and reflexive-antecedent dependencies. We show that reflexive-antecedent dependency resolution is sensitive to the presence of a WhFG...