A 61-year old male patient with end stage renal failure and severe bilateral hydronephrosis was admitted to our hospital. The patient had pneumaturia since many years with history of several surgeries due to urethral strictures. Computed tomography showed air fluid level in the bladder and bilateral hydronephrosis with air bubbles in the kidneys. Urodynamic study revealed normal bladder volume ...

In nature, shape and structure evolve from the struggle for better performance. Often, biological structures combine multiple beneficial properties, making research into mimicking them very complex. Presented here is a summary of observations from a series of experiments performed on a material that closely resembles the human skull bone’s cancellous structure under acoustic loads. Transmission...

The sizing of air valves during the expulsion phase in rapid filling processes is crucial for design purposes. Mathematical models have been developed to simulate behaviour expulsion, utilising 1D and 2D schemes. These transient events involve presence two fluids with different properties behaviours (water air). effect under scenarios controlled has studied by various authors; however, analysis...

The rapid filling process in pressurized pipelines has been extensively studied using mathematical models. On the other hand, application of computational fluid dynamics models emerged during last decade, which considers development CFD that simulate pipes with entrapped air, and without air expulsion. Currently, studies representing expulsion are scarce literature. In this paper, a two-dimensi...

Many existing phenomena in nature are considered new design ideas in various fields of industry. Bionics is the application of biological methods and systems found in nature to the study and design of engineering systems and modern technology. By performing bionic review, the researchers found the penguins by delivering air locked under their wings and creating air bubbles, the drag significant...

We study the focusing properties of a two dimensional complex square-lattice photonic crystal (PC) comprising air holes immersed in Ge medium. The finite difference time domain (FDTD) method is utilized to calculate the dispersion band diagram and to simulate the image formation incorporating the perfectly matched layer (PML) boundary condition. In contrast to the common square PCs with the sam...