background:   many of the patients with tethered cord syndrome (tcs) are admitted because of neurological symptoms, while some are admitted because of their orthopedic, urologic, anorectal, and dermatologic manifestations.consequently, this study aimed to evaluate the importance of early diagnosis and treatment of tethered cord syndrome on patient outcome. methods: fourty-three patients who und...

Neurogenesis is a multifactorial event determined by local environmental cues, inherent cellular program as well as cellular milieu and may not necessarily be restricted to the SVZ and SGZ. NSCs have been isolated from or neurogenesis has been demonstrated in traditionally non neurogenic regions. This more permissive view of neurogenesis, however, is not widely accepted due to concerns regardin...

Filum terminale hemangioblastoma is an extremely rare tumour with only a few case reports in the literature. The natural history is unknown but benign as well as more aggressive presentations have been reported. The authors present the first such lesion discovered incidentally and discuss the available literature.

BACKGROUND Lipomyelomeningocele (LMM) is a common and severe closed neural tube defect in children. Because of the complex anatomy of LMM and the difficulty in assessing the value of surgery, the management of patients with LMM is controversial. This study was undertaken to evaluate effective techniques and procedures in surgical treatment of LMM and to assess the value of early neurosurgical i...

Spinal cord development occurs through three consecutive periods. Gastrulation (weeks 2-3) is characterized by conversion of the embryonic disk from a bilaminar to a trilaminar arrangement and establishment of a notochord. Primary neurulation (weeks 3-4) produces the uppermost nine tenths of the spinal cord. Secondary neurulation and retrogressive differentiation (weeks 5-6) result in formation...