Women represent the majority of informal sector workers in developing countries, especially in Sub-Saharan Africa where adolescent pregnancy rates are high. Little empirical evidence exists concerning the relationship between teen fertility and the likelihood that a woman will be employed in the informal sector. Using a panel survey in Madagascar designed to capture the transition from adolesce...

Gyrodactylus salaris is a notifiable freshwater ectoparasite of salmonids. Its primary host is Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar), upon which infections can cause death, and have led to massive declines in salmon numbers in Norway, where the parasite is widespread. Different strains of S. salar vary in their susceptibility, with Atlantic strains (such as those found in Norway) exhibiting no resistan...

When German reunification was accompanied by a rapid decline in aggregate fertility rates, researchers particularly assigned high unemployment rates a dominant role for changes in fertility behavior. The aim of this paper is twofold. First, we investigate changes in the timing of first birth in East Germany after reunification. Using data from the GSOEP, we show that even after reunification Ea...

The timing of marriages, first birth interval and the prevalence of premarital conception (PMC) among women of successive birth cohorts in one rural county in Yunnan, China, were examined. Detailed pregnancy histories were collected for 1,336 women aged 15-64 years using a Life History Calendar. The rising marriage age and shorter first birth interval correspond to over-all changes in the Chine...

background: in recent years, the study of birth intervals has been a main determinant of the levels of fertility in the populations, as it is associated with rates of fertility and population growth. objective: the purpose of this study was to firstly apply survival analysis for modeling of first birth interval and secondly to explore its determinants. materials and methods: in a cross sectiona...