Consider a fixed effects ANOVi\ model. We propose to estimate cell means /lij by MLE's ~ij instead of cell averages ~j, and we propose to estimate error variance by a MLEQ2 rather than the usual mean square for error. Even so, much of the usual ANOVi\ methodology carries over when applied to the ~ij 's, and the efficiency is often increased. When this is generalized to common random effects and...

We propose a new model that introduces peer effects into existing utility models of perceived needs. This combination introduces obstacles to obtaining identification that differ both from standard consumer demand and from standard models of peer effects. These obstacles arise from required nonlinearities in utility, from features of standard consumption survey data, and from heterogeneity that...

Abstract This study examines the validity of the Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) in the developing economies of West Africa using a total of 32 cross sectional observations for each of the 16 countries of West Africa given a balance panel of 512 observations covering the periods 1980 through to 2012. The study estimated both the fixed effect and random effect model but however, the Hausman te...

Mixed linear models are commonly used in repeated measures studies. They account for the dependence amongst observations obtained from the same experimental unit. Oftentimes, the number of observations is small, and it is thus important to use inference strategies that incorporate small sample corrections. In this paper, we develop modified versions of the likelihood ratio test for fixed effect...

The search for conditions for the consistency of maximum likelihood estimators in nonlinear mixed effects models is difficult due to the fact that, in general, the likelihood can only be expressed as an integral over the random effects. For repeated measurements or clustered data, we focus on asymptotic theory for the maximum likelihood estimator for the case where the cluster sizes go to infin...

Meta-analysis is a statistical technique through which information obtained from a collection of independent studies is analyzed and synthesized, potentially providing a more complete representation of the phenomenon under investigation. Models for meta-analysis may be roughly divided into those based upon fixed effects and those based upon random effects (Field, 2001; Hedges, 1994; Hedges & Ve...

1 Mixture Model and Bayesian Model Interpretations Combining Equations 2.1 and 2.2 (Main Text), we can consider the empirical-Bayes hierarchical model as a mixed model with both fixed and random effects in the frequentist setting as given by: logit(pmi) = αm + ZmγXmi +Xmiτ tmm, where ZmγXmi would be considered a fixed effect and Xmiτ tmm a random effect. Alternatively, this model may be viewed ...

This paper tests pair-wise causal relationships between uncertainty, returns and investment using unbalanced panel data of the 13 insurance companies listed in the KSE for the period from 1996 to 2008. Volatility of returns from the daily stock was measured using the GARCH (p, q) for appropriate values of p and q. The study applied panel data models in the lines of common constants, fixed effec...

Correlated data are fairly common in health and social sciences. For example, clustered data arise when subjects are nested in clusters such as classrooms, hospitals, and neighborhoods; while longitudinal data result from multiple measures for the same subject over long period of time; whereas repeated measures data are involved in multiple measurements for the same subject over time or other d...

In panel data, individuals (persons, firms, cities, ... ) are observed at several points in time (days, years, before and after treatment, ...). This handout focuses on panels with relatively few time periods (small T ) and many individuals (large N). This handout introduces the two basic models for the analysis of panel data, the fixed effects model and the random effects model, and presents c...