نتایج جستجو برای: fixed carbon
تعداد نتایج: 475910 فیلتر نتایج به سال:
We consider in this paper a single-item lot sizing problem with a periodic carbon emission constraint. In each period, the carbon emission constraint defines an upper limit on the average emission per product. Different modes are available, each one is characterized by its own cost and carbon emission parameters. The problem consists in selecting the modes used in each period such that no carbo...
Background and Aim: Motor vehicles are an absolute necessity used extensively in all countries of the world. They are a major cause of air pollution with highly undesirable consequences. Thus, exposure to traffic pollution is a growing public health concern. Several studies indicate that people in the cabin of a vehicle inhale air with high concentrations of pollutants such as nitrogen oxides...
The two major pathways for energy utilization from biomass are conversion to a liquid fuel (i.e., biofuels) or conversion to electricity (i.e., biopower). In the United States (US), biomass policy has focused on biofuels. However, this paper will investigate three options for biopower: low co-firing (co-firing scenarios refer to combusting a given percentage of biomass with coal) (5%–10% biomas...
Economic growth has caused some environmental problems such as energy shortage and environmental pollution. In this regard, in the present study, the analysis of a fixed-sum energy and environmental efficiency to achieve sustainable efficiency in the transport sector of Iran under the limitation of energy consumption and environmental pollution using the Common equilibrium efficient frontier da...
In this investigation, the selected activated carbon is treated in NaOH solution or gas fluid with ozone from an ozone generator. FTIR, BET specific surface area and element analysis instruments were used to identify the difference in the chemical and physical characteristics between the activated carbon and oxidized activated carbon. The system of adsorption apparatus consists of a fixed adsor...
The aim of this study is to evaluate a heavy duty diesel engine operation under reactivity controlled compression ignition combustion fueled with diesel oil and natural gas enriched with hydrogen and nitrogen addition. In this study, a single cylinder heavy– duty diesel engine is set to operate at 9.4bar gross IMEP (Mid- Load). The amount of injected diesel oil per cycle into the engine combust...
We study the dynamical response of a two-dimensional Ising model subject to a square-wave oscillating external field. In contrast to earlier studies, the system evolves under a so-called soft Glauber dynamic [Rikvold and Kolesik, J. Phys. A 35, L117 (2002)], for which both nucleation and interface propagation are slower and the interfaces smoother than for the standard Glauber dynamic. We choos...
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