Abstract In today's time, most seismic design codes are based on a linear elastic force-based approach that includes the nonlinear response (ductility and overstrength) of structure through reduction factor (named behavior q in Eurocode 8 [EC8]). However, use prescribed -factor is constant for given structural system may fail providing structures with same risk level. This paper focuses estimat...

The body of residential complexes is affected by social interactions between residents over time. Of the most important places for social communications are bazaars as the backbone of Iranian cities. Ancient bazaar of Babol in north of Iran contains natural features which makes a special sense of place. This essay tries to answer to how concept of sense of place is presented and what are factor...