The algorithm presented in this paper is comprised of three main stages: (1) classification of the image sequence and, in the case of a moving camera, parametric motion estimation, (2) change detection having as reference a fixed frame, an appropriately selected frame or a displaced frame, and (3) object localization using local colour features. The image sequence classification is based on sta...

The primary datum of a scattering experiment is the differential cross section. It is defined as the number of particles (events) per second per solid angle observed by the detector divided by the number of particles per unit area per second incident per target particle (scattering center). 1 In many scattering experiments the detector is most conveniently described using the fixed reference fr...

Abstract The Onsager relations are discussed and it is suggested that they should be interpreted as there a frame of reference where all the transport processes independent. concepts illustrated with isobarothermal diffusion in simple metallic phases well complex ionic systems. A transformation from lattice-fixed to number-fixed gives Kirkendall effect cross effect.

can be understood to describe everything caused in a world such as I (according to T ). The models of causal theory T are those interpretations for which what is true is exactly what is caused: that is, the interpretations I such that I is the unique model of T I . This fixpoint condition makes the logic nonmonotonic; adding causal rules to T may produce new models. Causal theories allow for co...

"Stereotactic" is an exact radiotherapy treatment modality which implements invasive and non-invasive facilities for improving precise dose delivery. Stereotactic refers to three-dimensional localization of a specific point in space by a unique set of coordinates that relate to a fixed external reference frame. An accurate delivery of radiation is attainable using these techniques with high pre...

In this paper, we present a novel index, called the Generalized Control Number (GCTN ), which evaluates the closeness of a given non-singular configuration of a hexapod with UCU-legs to the next singularity. The GCTN is invariant with respect to similarity transformations (choice of units) and under Euclidean motions of the reference frame (choice of fixed frame). Moreover, this index indicates...

KEY POINTS Reaching movements can be perturbed by vestibular input, but the function of this response is unclear. Here, we applied galvanic vestibular stimulation concurrently with real body movement while subjects maintained arm position either fixed in space or fixed with respect to their body. During the fixed-in-space conditions, galvanic vestibular stimulation caused large changes in arm t...

This paper proposes totally novel kinematics, statics and dynamics of a two-link manipulator and develops a control algorithm based on them which enables two-link manipulators behave more like human or animals. There are two main points: introduction of biarticular muscle/actuator coordination and utilization of the rotating reference frame instead of the fixed frame. These two points are also ...