A new intumescent flame-retardants (IFR) system including the charing-foaming agent (CFA), ammonium polyphosphate (APP) and modified-layered double hydroxides (LDHs) with different transition metals (Ni, Co, Cu) were used in the ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA) matrix. Both the limiting oxygen index and the vertical burning tests indicate that the CFA/APP system and LDHs have significant synergisti...

Organophosphate flame retardants (PFRs), used in consumer products since the 1970s, persist in the environment. Restrictions on penta-polybrominated diphenyl ether (PBDE) flame retardants resulted in increased use of Firemaster® 550 (FM® 550), and the organophosphate triesters: tris(1,3- dichloro-2-propyl) phosphate (TDCIPP); tris(chloropropyl) phosphate (TCIPP); tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (...

Flame retardants are widely used in consumer products to reduce their flammability. Previously used flame retardants have been sequentially banned due to their environmental and human toxicity. Currently, tris(1,3-dichloropropyl) phosphate (TDCIPP) and triphenyl phosphate (TPHP) are among the most commonly used flame retardants. TDCIPP and TPHP are reproductive toxins and have carcinogenic, neu...

BACKGROUND Flame retardant chemicals are used in materials on airplanes to slow the propagation of fire. These chemicals migrate from their source products and can be found in the dust of airplanes, creating the potential for exposure. METHODS To characterize exposure to flame retardant chemicals in airplane dust, we collected dust samples from locations inside 19 commercial airplanes parked ...

Using X-ray crystallography to visualize the three-dimensional structure of an enzyme associated with regulating levels of estrogen, a team of National Institutes of Health scientists have discovered new information on how flame retardants may alter estrogen metabolism. Their results suggest one way in which these chemicals may disrupt the body’s endocrine system. Flame retardants are added to ...

PhD “The role of intumescent flame retardants on the fire behavior of poly(vinyl acetate) and poly(ethylene-co-vinyl acetate): a mechanistic and kinetic study.”

Phosphorus-based flame retardants were incorporated into different, easily preparable matrices, such as polymeric thermoset resins and paraffin as a proposed model for polyolefins and investigated for their flame retardancy performance. The favored mode of action of each flame retardant was identified in each respective system and at each respective concentration. Thermogravimetric analysis was...

The title compound, C(18)H(14)Cl(10), is a decachlorinated commercial flame retardant. The structure determination confirms the relative stereochemistry. The central eight-membered ring is in a chair-type conformation. In the crystal structure, there are no significant inter-molecular inter-actions and mol-ecules are separated by normal van der Waals distances.

Concentrations of alternative flame retardants and polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) were analyzed in ringed seal (Phoca hispida) blubber collected across the Canadian Arctic during subsistence hunts between 1998 and 2013. More than 80% of sampled animals were females and juvenile males. The highest mean ΣPBDE concentrations (sum of 13 congeners) were found in seals from Nain (Nunatsiavut)...

BACKGROUND Children are exposed to flame retardants from the built environment. Brominated diphenyl ethers (BDE) and organophosphate-based flame retardants (OPFRs) are associated with poorer neurocognitive functioning in children. Less is known, however, about the association between these classes of compounds and children's emotional and social behaviors. The objective of this study was to det...