During the course of experimental work on leprous patients in Hawaii, Dr. Eric Fennel observed a relationship between the thymol turbidity and cephalin-ehoiesteroi tests, the albumin: globulin ratio and the degree of skin involvement in the cases he studied. He made observations on 25 cases and included some of his fi ndings in a report on the thymol turbidity test (4), but he felt that they we...

Cardiolipin is a phospholipid and was isolated by Pangborn (1941, 1942) while investigating the nature of the antigenic material in beef heart muscle used in the Wassermann reaction. It was shown that cardiolipin was serologically active when used together with lecithin, and that the sensitivity of the reaction was enhanced by the addition of cholesterol. A monograph on cardiolipin antigen was ...

Flocculation can be used in turbulent environments resulting in floc breakage due to shearing. The degree of re-flocculation relates directly to product quality and process efficiency. This study aimed at looking for alternatives to improve the re-flocculation ability of aggregates when polyelectrolytes (PEL) are used as flocculation agents. Moreover, because branched PEL have proved previously...

Heart immunofluorescent autoantibody tests, the complement fixation test for Chagas' disease, the hemagglutination test for toxoplasmosis, and the latex flocculation test for rheumatoid disease were compared in 34 patients with primary myocardial disease and their paired control subjects. There was no difference in the incidence of elevated titers or in the actual titer levels between the group...

during estuarine mixing of fresh water with saline water and due to the flocculation process, aportion of dissolved metals come into particulate phase, and the dissolved load decreases. this process plays an important role in self-purification of heavy metals in rivers. in this study, flocculation of cu, mn, ni, pb and zn during mixing of cheshme-kileh river water with caspian sea water has bee...

The flocculation performance of three poly(acrylic acid) (PAA) samples (Mw = 9 10, 2.5 10 and 1 10 g/mol) has been investigated. Colloidal alumina particles were used as a model system and tests were performed at pH 5. Using a singlecomponent polyacid, it was found that the optimum dosage required to achieve supernatant clarity was similar between the 9 10 g/mol PAA (23 ppm) and 2.5 10 g/mol PA...

Effects of different flocculants (chloride-based salts and ferric and ferrous salts) and initial organic concentration of wastewater on flocculation-photocatalysis hybrid process were investigated. Titanium Dioxide (TiO2) adsorption alone, flocculation alone, flocculation followed by TiO2 adsorption, photocatalysis alone, and flocculation followed by photocatalysis removed 60%, 72%, 80%, 85%, a...

Flocculation is one of the principal steps in biodiesel production from microalgae. Eight different flocculants were analysed for their efficiency of flocculation of marine microalga, Nannochloropsis oculata. Maximum flocculation was observed as 93.80 and 87.33% with FeCl3 and Fe2(SO4)3 at a concentration of 0.4 and 0.6g/L respectively at 180min. Zinc salts achieved second maximum efficient flo...

Palm Oil Mill Effluent (POME) treatment is an important issue for the minimization of pollution. POME is a highly polluting effluent containing various forms of organics and inorganic suspended solids. The coagulation flocculation process using Moringa oleifera seeds after oil extraction (MOAE) as a natural coagulant presents a viable alternative for the treatment of POME. A series of jar tests...