This paper attempts to present the Taoist understanding of evil. In the Taoist tradition, especially in Tao Te Ching, evil is divided into two categories: causal evil and consequential evil. Causal evils are those evils that are said to be the causes of other evils; consequential evils are those that are said to be the consequences of the causal evils. Causal evils originate from human will, an...

The proof of Theorem 1 consists of the following two lemmas. Recall that K r is the complete r-partite graph with p vertices in each class. In other words, K r = Tr(pr), the Turán graph with pr many vertices. It is easy to see that χ(K r ) = r. Lemma 2. For all c, η > 0, n > 8/η, if G is a graph on n vertices with e(G) ≥ (c + η) ( n 2 ) , then G has a subgraph G′ with n′ ≥ 1 2 √ ηn vertices suc...

This paper argues for the moral significance of the notion of an evil person or character. First, I argue that accounts of evil character ought to support a robust bad/evil distinction; yet existing theories cannot plausibly do so. Consequentialist and related theories also fail to account for some crucial properties of evil persons. Second, I sketch an intuitively plausible “affective-motivati...

This paper discusses the terminating derivation mode in cooperating distributed grammar systems where components are forbidding grammars instead of context-free grammars. Such systems are called forbidding cooperating distributed grammar systems, and it is demonstrated that the number of their components can be reduced to two without changing the generative power and that these systems are comp...

as a private domain, the family is subordinate to the characteristics of private law. on the other hand, as the only major authority, the government has the responsibility of supporting all individuals by resorting to civil and criminal law. however, by taking the public aspect of the criminal law into consideration, its basis is on the lack of need of its presence when facing the family, the b...