Conifer foliage structures affect branch and bud temperature by altering the development and convective resistance of the thermal boundary layer. This paper examines foliage effects on forced convection in branches and buds of Picea glauca (Moench) Voss and Pinus contorta Dougl. Ex. Loud., two species that represent the range of variation in foliage structure among conifers. Forced convection i...

The early study of convective heat transfer considered the branches of forced and free convection independently with only passing reference to their possible interaction. In fact the two are extreme cases of the general condition of "mixed" or "combined" forced and free convection where both mechanisms operate simultaneously. The present contribution aims to provide an up-to-date review of thos...

In this paper a numerical method is used to study the unsteady state natural convection heat transfer within a confined porous media with uniform internal heat generation. The governing equations based on the Darcy model and Bossiness approximations are solved, using the finite difference Alternating Direction Implicit (ADI) method. The developed program was used to simulate natural convection ...

The use of natural convection, side-arm heat exchangers in solar domestic water heating systems is becoming a popular method of reducing system cost and electric demand. In this paper, we compare thermal performances of three natural convection heat exchangers mounted along the outside of the water storage tank and a commercial wraparound-tank heat exchanger to two forced-flow heat exchangers. ...

the fluid flow and heat transfer in a three-dimensional microchannel filled with al2o3- water nanofluid is numerically investigated. the hybrid scheme is used to discretize the convection terms and simpler algorithm is adopted to couple the velocity and pressure field in the momentum equations. the thermal and flow fields were analyzed using different volume fractions of nanoparticles and diffe...