The purpose of this paper is to explain and describe the concepts of wood energy on a residential, commercial, and industrial scale in the United States so that the Forest Service can help meet the demands of communities involved in the forest products industry. In addition, the terminology associated with this field is for individuals to develop a basic understanding and familiarity with the t...

natural landscape alternation is a problem that has been under debate for a long time. landutilization techniques like agriculture, forest and rangelands, residential and urban are amonginfluential criteria affecting erosion severity and sediment yield in a given region. in this respect,land management is a promising option to mitigate it. thus, acquaintance with quantitative soilerosion owing ...

BACKGROUND Incidence of Lyme disease in the US continues to grow. Low-density development is also increasing in endemic regions, raising questions about the relationship between development pattern and disease. This study sought to model Lyme disease incidence rate using quantitative, practical metrics of regional landscape pattern. The objective was to progress towards the development of desig...

1. introduction the meaning of sustainability is an effort to reach the best results in human and environmental programs which are considered to be for present and future. zayandeh-rud is the most important and vital river in esfahan area which is used in agriculture, industry, providing drinking water and all other economic sectors. this river is originated from the zagros mountains – zardkooh...

We analyzed the patterns of habitat use by insectivorous bats in Mexico City, one of the largest and most populated cities of the world. We tested the hypotheses that richer patches of food, expected in more vegetated areas, have higher bat activity levels, and that fast-flying species benefit most from urbanization. We compared activity of insectivorous species and relative abundance of insect...

The Ipswich watershed in northeastern Massachusetts, USA, is experiencing important land-use changes, which are contributing to severe environmental problems such as eutrophication, ground water depletion and loss of wildlife. The objective of this paper is to model deforestation between 1971, 1985 and 1991 in the watershed of the Ipswich River in Massachusetts, USA, where most of the forest lo...

Background Few studies of edge effects on wildlife objectively identify habitat edges or explore non-linear responses. In this paper, we build on ground beetle (Coleoptera: Carabidae) research that has begun to address these domains by using triangulation wombling to identify boundaries in beetle community structure and composition at the edges of forest patches with residential developments. W...

We simulated fuel reduction treatments on a 16,000 ha study area in Oregon, US, to examine tradeoffs between placing fuel treatments near residential structures within an urban interface, versus treating stands in the adjacent wildlands to meet forest health and ecological restoration goals. The treatment strategies were evaluated by simulating 10,000 wildfires with random ignition locations an...