This paper reconsiders the predominant typology pioneered by Baumol (1990) among productive, unproductive and destructive entrepreneurship. It is shown that the foundation of Baumol’s classificatory scheme is the restrictive concept of first-best outcomes, and therefore it easily fails to appreciate the true impact of entrepreneurship in real world circumstances characterized by suboptimal inst...

Planning and management of forest resources in Papua New Guinea (PNG) has sometimes resulted in overcutting, resource depletion, unintended environmental impacts and uncertainty about the long-term capacity of forests to supply the future needs of local communities or industry. Sound inventory and planning are critical for sustainable forest management. Good systems are in place in PNG to deter...

Forest tree hybrid zones provide a wealth of novel genetic variation that can be harnessed to safeguard populations in changing climates. In the past 30 years, natural and artificial forest hybrid zones have facilitated significant contributions to selective breeding programs, conservation, and our understanding of the evolutionary processes and mechanisms that influence the maintenance of spec...

Plant phenology is strongly interlinked with ecosystem processes and biodiversity. Like many other aspects of functioning, it affected by habitat climate change, both global change drivers altering the timings frequency phenological events. As such, there has been an increased focus in recent years to monitor different biomes. A range approaches for monitoring have developed increase our unders...

Climate change mitigation benefits from the land sector are not being fully realised because of uncertainty and controversy about the role of native forest management. The dominant policy view, as stated in the IPCC's Fifth Assessment Report, is that sustainable forest harvesting yielding wood products, generates the largest mitigation benefit. We demonstrate that changing native forest managem...

all of the tea plantations in iran are concentrated in the caspian sea region on soils previously developed under deciduous natural forests. this research conducted to study the effect of land use change (from forest to tea) on selected physico-chemical and mineralogical properties of soils under humid climate and mountainous landscape in northern iran. three transects facing west to northwest ...

Forest management under a changing climate requires assessing the effects of climate warming and disturbance on the composition, age structure, and spatial patterns of tree species. We investigated these effects on a boreal forest in northeastern China using a factorial experimental design and simulation modeling. We used a spatially explicit forest landscape model (LANDIS) to evaluate the effe...

The knowledge of the characteristics of the vegetation cover is of great interest in climate change process understanding due to its important role in controlling water and carbon cycles. The properties of vegetated surfaces are usually estimated from remote observations through semi-empirical regression models or using radiative transfer models, which simulate the interactions of solar radiati...