the witches’ broom disease of lime trees is a destructing disease caused by the bacterium candidatus phytoplasma aurantofolia (1). the disease is prevalent in oman,united arab emirates and iran. to restrict the spread ofthe infected trees, detection of the causative bacteriumis crucial. besides pcr-based methods, antibodies can beapplied for detection of pathogen-infected cells.recently shahrya...

Sicana odorifera also known as cassabanana, sikana or musk cucumber, is naturally grown from Mexico to Brazil and the west Indies. Fruits are edible, the pulp and the seeds have a medicinal use, and the whole plant is used as an ornamental. In the State of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, naturally diseased sikana plants were observed, for the first time, with witches’ broom growths and other symptoms c...

Cytisus scoparius (L.) is a common native species of the Chaîne des Puys, a mid-elevation volcanic mountain range of the French Massif Central. Widely used in the former traditional agricultural system, broom has now become an invasive species colonising open areas after grazing abandonment. This study quantifies variation in size as a function of age and local competition at both stand and ind...

“Candidatus Liberibacter europaeus” (Leu) is one of six currently known Liberibacter species. It is known primarily from pear and related species across Europe, and from Scotch broom and its associated psyllids in New Zealand (introduced from Britain). The psyllids were introduced to New Zealand as a biocontrol agent for broom and it is thought the bacterium may have been introduced as an endos...

The present technology does not permit the 7-μm CCD push broom optical sensor to image a region of 70 km. Therefore the IRS –1C satellite use three separate 4096 CCD push broom optical sensor resulting in three array images. Two different methods to ortho-rectify and mosaic the three IRS-1 array images are presented. Results using the CCRS modelling show an accuracy of about one pixel. Future r...

There are more and issues, requirements complexities that engineering design problems must take into account in industrial applications. Therefore, the number of behavior variables tends to increase, making optimization problem harder. PSO was proposed has been widely used for its simplicity capability solve problems, even though their convexity is not guaranteed. However, effectiveness limited...

Relatively little research has been expended on developing plants for use in urban desert landscapes or “xeriscapes.” However, because of reduced availability and increased cost of water, water conservation needs, and concerns for our environment, increased awareness and demand for arid-adapted landscape plants have developed. An especially important need is for groundcover requiring little wat...

BACKGROUND From 2010 to 2014, approximately 2 million Pap smears from HIV-infected women were submitted to the South African National Health Laboratory Services (NHLS) through the national cervical cancer screening programme. The objective of this analysis was to determine whether using the plastic Cervex brush ("broom") would be a cost-effective approach to improve cytology specimen quality as...