Mandatory access control models have traditionally been employed as a robust security mechanism in multilevel security environments such as military domains. In traditional mandatory models, the security classes associated with entities are context-insensitive. However, context-sensitivity of security classes and flexibility of access control mechanisms may be required especially in pervasive c...

Meta-discourse markers are an inevitable part of oral proficiency which improve both the quality and comprehension of learners’ speech. While studies of oral meta-discourse have been conducted since the 1980s in a European or US context, they have remained relatively untouched in Iran. Therefore, this study aimed to seek the impact of both explicit and implicit teaching of formal meta-discourse...

We apply basic notions of the theory of rough sets, due to Pawlak [30, 31], to explicate certain properties of unification-based learning algorithms for categorial grammars, introduced in [6, 11] and further developed in e.g. [18, 19, 24, 25, 26, 9, 28, 14, 15, 3]. The outcomes of these algorithms can be used to compute both the lower and the upper approximation of the searched language with re...