In this paper we consider the joint performance of fountain codes and 802.11a/g PHY modulation/coding. We consider optimality both in terms of maximizing goodput and minimizing energy, and results are presented for both theoretical and experimental channel models. In contrast to studies in cellular networks, we find that in 802.11a/g WLANs the cross-layer approach of a higher-layer fountain cod...

Fountain codes are becoming increasingly important for data transferring over dedicated high-speed long-distance network. However, the encoding and decoding complexity of traditional fountain codes such as LT and Raptor codes are still high. In this paper, a new fountain codes named LRF (Loss Rate Based Fountain) codes for data transfer is proposed. In order to improve the performance of encodi...

The influence of pH, conductivity and Ca ion concentrations of fountain solutions on the quality of tone, dot, line and text was investigated. Physico-chemical parameters of fountain solutions were analyzed by standard methods. Image quality assessment (IQA) was carried out using the ISO methodology and ImageJ software. The obtained data of the mechanical and optical tone value, dot circularity...

We present the first measurements of radiance spectra of rainbows. The bows on two sunny days (3 and 6 June 2008) were produced by the fountain in the Parque de las Ciencias, Granada, Spain, that consists of a rectangular perimeter of 40 spray nozzles. Optical thickness of the spray from each nozzle was approximately 0.5. Spectral purity of the primary bow was highest for orange and blue, reach...

Over the past decade, rateless codes, i.e., digital fountain codes, have emerged as an efficient and robust solution for reliable data transmission over packet erasure networks and a particularly suitable one for multicasting and broadcasting applications where users may experience variable channel conditions and packet loss rates, such as mobile environments. Luby Transform (LT) and Raptor cod...

Abstract The aim of this paper is to examine the existence at least two distinct nontrivial solutions a Schrödinger-type problem involving nonlocal fractional $p(\cdot )$ p ( ⋅ ) -Laplacian with concave–convex nonlinearities when, in general, nonlinear term d...

Gas that escapes from the Galactic disk, rises into the halo, cools and falls back, constitutes a “Galactic fountain”. Three-dimensional simulations show that such a fountain model reproduces many of the features that have been observed in the Galaxy and other galaxies such as M31 and M33. Here, these results are reported.

Piṅgala is a mathematician (c. 300 BCE) who authored Chandah. śāstra (the science of Sanskrit metres). This is a brief note on a mathematical art project completed at the Chennai Mathematical Institute to honour Piṅgala who was responsible for the discovery of binary expansion of numbers in the context of enumeration of metres, and of the binomial coefficients which were later made explicit by ...

Background.  In August 2012, the Chicago Department of Public Health (CDPH) was notified of acute respiratory illness, including 1 fatality, among a group of meeting attendees who stayed at a Chicago hotel during July 30-August 3, 2012. Suspecting Legionnaires' disease (LD), CDPH advised the hotel to close their swimming pool, spa, and decorative lobby fountain and began an investigation. Metho...