The objective of this study was to document patterns of fracture on infant porcine skulls aged 2-28 days (n = 57) because of a single, high energy blunt impact to the parietal bone with rigid (nondeformable) and compliant (deformable) interfaces. Fracture patterns were mapped using Geographic Information System software. For the same generated impact force, the rigid interface produced more fra...

The comprehensive fracture tests of notched and unnotched beams presented in the preceding paper are evaluated to clarify the size effects and fracture energy dissipation. The test results for beams with notches of various lengths agree closely with Bažant’s Type 2 size effect law and yield the value of the initial fracture energy Gf. Since nearly complete post-peak softening load–displacement ...

Murine models are commonly used to investigate bone healing and test new treatments before human trials. Our objective was to design an improved murine femur fracture device and determine optimal mass and velocity settings for maximal likelihood of transverse fracture. Fracture reproducibility was maximized using an adjustable kinetic energy level, a novel mouse positioning system and an electr...

The effect of prepolymerized particle fillers on fracture toughness of four commercial composite resins was studied. The ground surface morphology was examined with a field emission scanning electron microscope. Fracture toughness was determined by using single edge notched specimens. Acoustic Emission (AE), which is the elastic wave due to the release of energy from the localized sources of ma...

Concrete fracture behavior is predicted by one of multi-scaling methods, called the virtual internal bond (VIB) model. The VIB model describes the microscopic interactions between the cement pastes and aggregates using the concept of homogenization. The microscopic behavior is connected to macroscopic behavior by the Cauchy-Born rule, which results in the strain energy function. From the macros...

Fracture is a highly dissipative process in which much of the stored elastic energy is consumed in the creation of new surfaces. Surprisingly, many plants use fracture to launch their seeds despite its seemingly prohibitive energy cost. Here we use Impatiens glandulifera as model case to study the impact of fracture on a plant's throwing capacity. I. glandulifera launches its seeds with speeds ...

A basic problem in the assessment of composites is the evaluation and parameterisation of the strength; with fracture mechanics, the basic parameter is the fracture energy. For composites, beam-like specimens are often used to measure the fracture energy associated with delamination. These specimens consist of a slender body partly split by a crack. Figure 1 shows examples of a number of specim...

simultaneous mid third clavicle fracture and acromioclavicular joint dislocation is a rare combination injury, as a result of high-energy trauma. we report a patient with a middle third clavicle fracture and ipsilateral grade three-acromioclavicular joint dislocation, which is a rare combination. the patient wanted to get back to work as soon as possible, so the fracture was fixed with reconstr...

5 ABSTRACT: We have measured the fracture energy of 6 lithiated silicon thin-film electrodes as a function of lithium 7 concentration. To this end, we have constructed an electro8 chemical cell capable of testing multiple thin-film electrodes in 9 parallel. The stress in the electrodes is measured during 10 electrochemical cycling by the substrate curvature technique. 11 The electrodes are disc...