Although the pulmonary capillaries were discovered in 1661, the ultrastructure of the wall was not elucidated until 60 years ago. Electron micrographs then showed that only 0.2 μm of tissue separated the capillary endothelium from the alveolar space over much of the area. In retrospect this vanishingly small protective layer should have alerted physiologists to the potential fragility of the ca...

Recent studies indicate that altered lysosomal function may be involved in the early stages of pancreatic injury. Chronic consumption of ethanol increases rat pancreatic lysosomal fragility. The aim of this study is to determine whether the lysosomal fragility observed after chronic ethanol consumption is mediated by ethanol per se, its oxidative metabolite acetaldehyde or cholesteryl esters (s...

conclusions in middle-aged subjects with psc, we found a high rate of non-vertebral fractures and a moderately decreased bmd in lumbar spine and hip. fragility fractures had an impact on physical and mental aspects of hrqol. results in 32% of patients, bmd measured in the hip or spine was below 1.0 standard deviation. a history of fragility fractures (distal forearm and ribs) was reported in si...

The osmotic fragility of erythrocytes is known to undergo alterations when whole blood is incubated under aseptic conditions for 24 hours. The osmotic fragility of spherocytes increases considerably ( 1 ). Normal erythrocytes undergo a slight increase in fragility (2) and by contrast the osmotic fragility of leptocytes and certain other erythrocytes (3) is decreased. The sequence of events asso...

Brittle Nails Syndrome is characterized by fragility of the nail plate, affecting 27% of women. We evaluated dermatology patients in a cross-sectional study about perception of nail fragility. One hundred and thirty eight women were included, with median age of 36.5 years. Nail examination showed changes in 57% and 49% reported nail fragility. The first three fingernails were the most affected....

Variation of fragility (m) of specially homogenized Ge(x)Se(100-x) melts is established from complex specific heat measurements and shows that m(x) has a global minimum at an extremely low value (m = 14.8(0.5)) in the 21.5% < x < 23% range of Ge. Outside of that compositional range, m(x) then increases first rapidly and then slowly to about m = 25-30. By directly mapping melt stoichiometry as a...

The aim of the paper is to present the Delta 20 Fragility-Rings plot and its use for robustness-fragility analysis of proportional integral (PI) and proportional integral derivative (PID) controllers. Using the Delta 20 Fragility Index and the Nyquist plot it shows the areas on the L(jω) plane corresponding to robustness-fragile, robustness-non-fragile and robustnessresilient controllers provid...

CAG/CTG repeats are structure-forming repetitive DNA sequences, and expansion beyond a threshold of ∼35 CAG repeats is the cause of several human diseases. Expanded CAG repeats are prone to breakage, and repair of the breaks can cause repeat contractions and expansions. In this study, we found that cotranscriptional R-loops formed at a CAG-70 repeat inserted into a yeast chromosome. R-loops wer...

A multi-dimensional definition of fragility is developed considering multiple variables such as floor acceleration and interstory drifts. The limit states which have uncertainties are defined as random variables in the calculation of fragility. A random description of the limit state has been adopted to calculate fragility and different cases have been considered. A case study of a Hospital loc...