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the first aim of this article is to present zahed’s conceptual–operational model of freedom on the basis of islamic thoughts.  the second goal is to distinguish how freedom would run in the islamic society according to this operational model. finally, we will talk about the differences between this new conceptualization of freedom and the secular one. we will introduce theoretical, social and c...

The success of MapReduce has sparked many efforts to design cluster computing frameworks. We argue that no single framework will be optimal for all applications, and that we should instead enable organizations to run multiple frameworks efficiently in the same cloud. Furthermore, to ease development of new frameworks, it is critical to identify common abstractions and modularize their architect...

This paper is meant to question the idea that humans in cybernetic systems are autonomous in the traditional western liberal conception. Examination of the history of cybernetics reveals conflicts over the role of humans within human/machine systems over a larger period than is traditionally associated with the field of cybernetics. By comparing cybernetic systems from before the 20th century a...

R eligious freedom in China, a subject that has appeared frequently in international news, governmental documents, and reports of nongovernmental organizations (NGO), has been understudied by academic scholars both inside and outside China. Inside China, and to some extent outside China as well, many scholars seem to be afraid that religious freedom is a politically oversensitive topic to the C...