Spirocyclic carbazole- and acridine-lactams were prepared by Fischer-indole or Friedländer-quinoline synthesis starting from spirocyclic ketones with a lactam ring. All annulation products were obtained as mixtures of separable regioisomers, which differ only in the position of one methyl group. The starting materials were prepared from 2-pyrrolidone and 2-piperidone by a sequence of protection...

A facile and inexpensive synthesis of a series of novel methylenedioxy-bearing 2-(benzofuran-2-yl)-quinoline-3-carboxylic acid derivatives 3a-h via the one-pot reaction of ethyl 2-chloromethyl-6,7-methylenedioxyquinoline-3-carboxylate (5) with various substituted salicylaldehydes 6a-g as well as 2-hydroxy-1-naphthaldehyde (6h) is described. Substrate 5 was synthesized by the Friedländer condens...

We have investigated dynamical heterogeneity in a highly supercooled liquid using molecular-dynamics simulations in three dimensions. Dynamical heterogeneity can be characterized by three quantities: correlation length ξ(4), intensity χ(4), and lifetime τ(hetero). We evaluated all three quantities consistently from a single order parameter. In a previous study [H. Mizuno and R. Yamamoto, Phys. ...

in this paper we propose and simulate a new heterostructure mesfet, called δ-doped ldd hmesfet. to improve carrier velocity in vicinity of the source in channel of gaas mesfet, one can replace source with alxga 1-x as. by increasing al content, discontinuity of hetero-interface could be increased. therefore, the velocity increases in the low field. however, increasing al mole fraction in excess...

1. By partial acid hydrolysis a specific carbohydrate may be isolated from gum arabic (gum acacia). This carbohydrate is comparable in its precipitating activity for Type II (and Type III) antipneumococcus serum with the bacterial soluble specific substances themselves. 2. On hydrolysis this fraction yields galactose and two or more complex sugar acids, one of which appears to be a disaccharide...

Polysaccharides derived from type-specific Friedländer bacilli cause inhibition of the multiplication of mumps virus in the allantoic sac of the chick embryo. As little as 5 microg. of polysaccharide is effective as an inhibitor. Inhibition of multiplication is obtained when polysaccharide is injected as long as 4 days after inoculation of virus. Chemical studies have shown that the structural ...

Since vancomycin-intermediate Staphylococcus aureus (VISA) was first reported in Japan in 1997, there has been great concern that heterogeneous vancomycin-intermediate S. aureus (hetero-VISA) is the putative precursor of VISA. To investigate the prevalence, clinical significance, and molecular epidemiology of S. aureus with reduced susceptibility to vancomycin, all consecutive isolates of S. au...

INTRODUCTION. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 358 Gametogenesis and fertilization. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 358 Inheritance of scutellum color. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...

Catalytic direct (hetero)arylation of (hetero)arenes is an attractive alternative to traditional Kumada, Stille, Negishi and Suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling reactions, notably as it avoids the prior preparation and isolation of (hetero)arylmetals. Developments of this methodology in the oxazole series are reviewed in this article. Methodologies, selectivity, mechanism and future aspects are prese...