‎‎let $g=(v,e)$ be a simple graph‎. ‎an edge labeling $f:eto {0,1}$ induces a vertex labeling $f^+:vtoz_2$ defined by $f^+(v)equiv sumlimits_{uvin e} f(uv)pmod{2}$ for each $v in v$‎, ‎where $z_2={0,1}$ is the additive group of order 2‎. ‎for $iin{0,1}$‎, ‎let‎ ‎$e_f(i)=|f^{-1}(i)|$ and $v_f(i)=|(f^+)^{-1}(i)|$‎. ‎a labeling $f$ is called edge-friendly if‎ ‎$|e_f(1)-e_f(0)|le 1$‎. ‎$i_f(g)=v_f(...

Smart cities link the city services, citizens, resource and infrastructures together and form the heart of the modern society. As a “smart” ecosystem, smart cities focus on sustainable growth, efficiency, productivity and environmentally friendly development. By comparing with the European Union, North America and other countries, smart cities in China are still in the preliminary stage. This s...

In this paper we present a desaggregate modelling of a public transport network, integrated within a GIS. It is our hope to construct an expressive and friendly user interface for decision making. Accessibility measure and exploratory analysis methods will be applied to the public transport network of the medium sized French city of Besancon (117 000 inhabitants)..

We have developed a prototype guide system, which was named The Forbidden City Explorer. This system has real-time information sharing functions including image data, chatting, and mutual location information. It gives priority to shared images and chats, supporting a friendly user interface and simple operation methods, especially creating shared images to be used by general people. We applied...