In rat astrocytes, forskolin (FSK; 5 microM) and phorbol-12-myristic-13-acetate (PMA; 2.5 microM) increase the proenkephalin (proENK) mRNA level via different pathways. FSK-induced proENK mRNA expression is independent of protein de novo synthesis, and well correlated with CREB phosphorylation. This is in contrast to PMA-induced proENK mRNA expression that is dependent on protein de novo synthe...

The effect of cAMP on secretogranin II (SgII) gene transcription in GH4C1(GH) cells is not observed unless protein synthesis is inhibited. We have defined elements in the SgII promoter that mediate regulation by cycloheximide (CHX) and forskolin (FSK) and characterized the nuclear proteins that interact with them. GH cells were transfected with p2774Luc, p351Luc, p242Luc, and p223Luc containing...

PURPOSE The authors studied the involvement of cAMP-dependent second messenger systems in the inhibition of rod outer segment (ROS) phagocytosis by isoproterenol (ISO) and forskolin (FSK) using two membrane-permeant analogs of cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP), the Rp and Sp diastereoisomers of cyclic adenosine 3',5' monophosphothioate (cAMPS). Rp-cAMPS is a potent competitive inhibitor of ...

This paper presents an integrated frequency hopped transceiver based on a subset of the cdma2000 network specifications. The circuit consists of a phase locked loop (PLL) that generates the hopping carriers, local oscillators (LOs) that generate GHz range carrier frequencies, and a series of mixers. It accepts input data in frequency shift keyed (FSK) format, and also outputs received data in F...

In this paper the receiver for demodulation of M-FSK signals in the presence of Gaussian noise, intersymbol interference and Rice fading will be considered. Probability density function (PDF) of M-ary FSK signals in the presence of noise, interference and fading will be derived. Key-words: M-ary Frequency Shift Keying, Probability Density Function, Gaussian noise, Intersymbol Interference, Rice...

Numerous researches demonstrated the possibility of derivation of Schwann-like (SC-like) cells in vitro from bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs). However, the concentration of the induce factors were different in those studies, especially for the critical factors forskolin (FSK) and β-heregulin (HRG). Here, we used a new and useful method to build an integrated microfluidic chip for rapid analyse...

In this paper the receiver for the demodulation of M-FSK signals in the presence of Gaussian noise, intersymbol interference, impulse interference and fading is considered. The probability density function of M-ary FSK signal in the presence of noise, interference and fading is derived. These interferences can seriously degrade the communication system performances. Key-Words: M-ary Frequency S...

SSVEP is a kind of BCI technology with advantage of high information transfer rate. However, due to its nature, frequencies could be used as stimuli are scarce. To solve such problem, a stimuli encoding method which encodes SSVEP signal using Frequency Shift-Keying (FSK) method is developed. In this method, each stimulus is controlled by a FSK signal which contains three different frequencies t...

In a recent paper by Werter, an unjustified normal frequency distribution is assumed, and then, the resulting error probability is compared with that of the traditional noncoherent frequency shift keying (FSK). However, the traditional FSK demodulators were developed because such a distribution could not be justified. This work presents a more appropriate error probability expression.

Digital modulation signals such as FSK are time-varying signals that can he represented in the time-frequency representation. The smooth lag-windowed Wigner-Ville distribution (SLWWVD) is proposed as a method to obtain accurate time-frequency representation of FSK signals used in HF (High Frequency) radio communications. Unlike existing time-frequency distributions such as the windowed Wigner-V...