This paper presents an method for heat rate monitoring of power plants which employs a true “systems approach”. As an ultimate monitoring parameter, derived from Second Law concepts, it quantifies system losses in terms of fuel consumption by individual components and processes. If electricity is to be produced with the least un-productive fuel consumption, then thermodynamic losses must be und...

For automotive applications, it is necessary to maximize the fuel conversion efficiency of a PEM direct-methanol fuel cell (DMFC) over the broadest possible dynamic range of power. The research reported here critically examines the efficiency of the DMFC stack when operated over a broad power range. This research establishes a basis for a control strategy that simultaneously: optimizes DMFC fue...

spray drying is one of the most important processes applied in the industry. the equipment used in this process evaporates water in a very short time and so, need a lot of energy. in this work, we used microsoft excel as an analysis tool for the optimization of fuel usage in this dryer. we have described the process in terms of thermodynamic calculations and mass and heat balance equations. our...