reduction of exhaust emissions is a major research task in diesel engine development in view of increasing concerns regarding environmental protection and stringent exhaust gas regulations. simultaneousreduction of nox emissions and particulate matter is quite difficult due to the soot/nox trade-off and isoften accompanied by fuel consumption penalties. towards this aim, automotive engineers ha...

Using the oil price increase of 1979 as a natural experiment and several event study specifications, this paper finds evidence that the oil spike induced significant decreases in carbon emissions on both the intensive (miles driven) and extensive (auto fuel efficiency) margins. Further, it appears that substitution on the intensive margin occurred instantaneously whereas extensive margin substi...

Climate change mitigation and security of energy supply are important targets of Austrian energy policy. Bioenergy production based on resources from agriculture and forestry is an important option to attain these targets. In order to increase the share of bioenergy, supporting policy instruments are necessary. The cost-effectiveness of these instruments in attaining policy targets depends on t...

Fossil fuel CO2 emissions in the United States decreased by ∼11% between 2007 and 2013, from 6,023 to 5,377 Mt. This decline has been widely attributed to a shift from the use of coal to natural gas in US electricity production. However, the factors driving the decline have not been quantitatively evaluated; the role of natural gas in the decline therefore remains speculative. Here we analyse t...

The paper presents methods for assessing economic, resource and environmental efficiency of energy supply systems and ways of its improvement, the main of which are the development of cogeneration and renewable energy sources (RES). The problem of allocating fuel and financial costs in the case of the combined production is solved. The methods allow determining specific indicators of supplied p...

Electrocatalysts are essential to two key electrochemical reactions, oxygen evolution reaction (OER) and oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) in renewable energy conversion and storage technologies such as regenerative fuel cells and rechargeable metal–air batteries. Here, we explored N-doped graphene as costeffective electrocatalysts for these key reactions by employing density functional theory (D...

We study changes in fossil fuel and non-fossil energy use and carbon dioxide emissions induced by carbon taxes. We develop a partial energy equilibrium model with capital and labor as production factors, and endogenous technological change through learning by doing and learning through research, distinguishing between private and public innovations. Our model reproduces the learning curves typi...

It is well known that fossil fuel combustion has tremendous negative impact on ecology and global climate. It is non renewable as well. The present rate of technological and economic growth of a country may be unsustainable due to rapid consumption of fossil fuel like crude oil, natural gas or coal. Thus people search for viable renewable energy sources like biomass, hydropower, geothermal ener...

A fuel cell has been considered as an efficient and clean alternative power source for automobile industry since the energy crisis forced people to find a substitution for fossil fuels. A proton exchange membrane fuel cell, also known as polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell (PEMFC), becomes a prime candidate for applications in vehicles because of its following features: the PEMFC operates at...