The flammability of wildland vegetation is strongly dependent upon the moisture content of fine dead fuels. Consequently, assessing the moisture content of these fuels to within a reasonable degree of accuracy is an important part of wildland fire management. Estimates of fine fuel moisture content can also be combined with information on wind speed, vegetation type and drought effects to provi...

ammonium carbonate and ammonium sulfate have been proposed and used as two new fuels for synthesizing gamma alumina nanoparticles. the prepared samples have been characterized by x-ray diffraction (xrd), 2 n  adsorption (bet) and transmission electron microscopy (tem). a comparison has been made between the properties of the nanoparticles synthesized by these two fuels and other conventional fu...

BACKGROUND More than 80 percent of the China's population is located in the rural areas, 95 percent of which use coal, wood etc for cooking and heating. Limited by data availability, the association between household solid fuels and cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) in China's rural areas is ignored in prior studies. METHODS This cross sectional study was conducted from 2010-2012 and carried out...

OBJECTIVES To examine the relation between use of biomass cooking fuels (wood or dung) and prevalence of active tuberculosis in India. METHODS The analysis is based on 260,162 persons age 20 and over in India's 1992-93 National Family Health Survey. Logistic regression is used to estimate the effects of biomass fuel use on prevalence of active tuberculosis, as reported by household heads, aft...

Over the next several decades, substantial reductions in greenhouse gas emissions from transportation will be required. The targets—an 80% reduction by 2050—are challenging. Thus, we need quantitative methodologies for assessing the impact of changes in vehicle technology and use, and of fuels, on transportation energy consumption and GHG emissions. This paper describes an appropriate methodolo...

85 10.4155/BFS.09.17 © 2010 Future Science Ltd The development of low-cost, sustainable and low net carbon footprint renewable biofuels as a viable alternative to fossil fuels is a growing societal issue [1,2,101]. Fuels derived from lignocellulosic biomass, such as woody plants, forest residues and nonfood agroenergy crops are a viable alternative to fossil fuels and food-based biofuels [3–6]....

Key differences between urban and rural populations can influence the adoption and impacts of new cooking technologies and fuels. We examine these differences among urban and rural households that are part of the REACCTING study in Northern Ghana. While urban and rural populations in the study area all use multiple stoves, the types of stoves and fuels differ, with urban participants more likel...

Since the beginning of the twenty-first century the limitations of the fossil age with regard to the continuing growth of energy demand, the peaking mining rate of oil, the growing impact of CO2 emissions on the environment and the dependency of the economy in the industrialized world on the availability of fossil fuels became very obvious. A major change in the energy economy from fossil energ...

Increased energy consumption coupled with depleting petroleum reserves and increased greenhouse gas emissions have renewed our interest in generating fuels from renewable energy sources via microbial fermentation. Central to this problem is the choice of microorganism that catalyzes the production of fuels at high volumetric productivity and yield from cheap and abundantly available renewable e...

The physiological mechanisms that control energy balance are reciprocally linked to those that control reproduction, and together, these mechanisms optimize reproductive success under fluctuating metabolic conditions. Thus, it is difficult to understand the physiology of energy balance without understanding its link to reproductive success. The metabolic sensory stimuli, hormonal mediators and ...