The toroidal dipole is a localized electromagnetic excitation, distinct from the magnetic and electric dipoles. While the electric dipole can be understood as a pair of opposite charges and the magnetic dipole as a current loop, the toroidal dipole corresponds to currents flowing on the surface of a torus. Toroidal dipoles provide physically significant contributions to the basic characteristic...

Theories for the toroidal momentum confinement in tokamaks have been developed. It is shown that the logarithmic gradient of the toroidal flow is a linear combination of logarithmic gradients of the plasma pressure and the temperature in neoclassical quasilinear theory. The fluctuation-induced toroidal stress consists of a diffusion flux, a convective flux, and a residual flux. The effects of a...

A pair of two dimensional fast cameras with a wide angle view (allowing a full radial and toroidal coverage of the lower divertor) was installed in the National Spherical Torus Experiment in order to monitor non-axisymmetric effects. A custom polar remapping procedure and an absolute photometric calibration enabled the easier visualization and quantitative analysis of non-axisymmetric plasma ma...

Radial electron heat transport in a low collisionality, current-carrying resistive plasma confined in an axisymmetric toroidal magnetic field is hypothesized to be caused by the paleoclassical collisional processes of parallel electron heat conduction and radial magnetic field diffusion. The electron distribution is Maxwellianized and the electron temperature equilibrated over a long length L (...

Toroidal shapes are often found in bio-molecules, viruses, proteins and fats, but only recently it was proved experimentally that toroidal structures can support exotic high-frequency electromagnetic excitations that are neither electric or magnetic multipoles. Such excitations, known as toroidal moments, could be playing an important role in enhancing inter-molecular interaction and energy tra...

We show how the elusive toroidal dipole moment appears as a radiative excitation eigenmode in a metamolecule resonator that is formed by pairs of plasmonic nanorods. We analyze one such nanorod configuration—a toroidal metamolecule. We find that the radiative interactions in the toroidal metamolecule can be qualitatively represented by a theoretical model based on an electric point dipole arran...

this paper concerns the design and analysis, of a ball type continuously variable transmission, (b-cvt). this b-cvt has a simple kinematic structure, and same as a toroidal cvt, transmits power by friction on the contact points between input and output discs, that are connected to each other by balls. after, a brief introduction of our b-cvt structure, the performance and traction efficiency of...

This paper addresses non-linear global gyrokinetic simulations of ion temperature gradient (ITG) driven turbulence with the GYSELA code. The particularity of GYSELA code is to use a SemiLagrangian (SL) scheme and this for the full distribution function. The 4D non-linear driftkinetic version of the code already showns the interest of such a SL method which exhibits good properties of energy con...

We present analytical and numerical studies of magnetorotational instabilities occuring in magnetized accretion disks. These calculations are performed for general radially stratified disks in the cylindrical limit. We elaborate on earlier analytical results and confirm and expand them with numerical computations of unstable eigenmodes of the full set of linearised compressible MHD equations. W...