Dragon fruit or pitahaya (Hylocereus spp.) are famous for their nutrient-rich favourable taste, which brings high economic value to subtropical and tropical countries. However, dragon cultivation all over the world is threatened by fungal pathogens among them, Neoscytalidium dimidiatum has recently been shown be responsible stem canker rot cause big losses. In order find an environmentally frie...

fusarium root and foot rot of wheat is caused by the fungus gibberella zeae (fusarium graminearum). this disease causes significant yield loss under infested soil and favourable condition. the aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of selected fungus strains against the wheat soil-borne pathogen f. graminearum under greenhouse and field conditions. the most potent isolates were 3 isolat...

Afforestation of former agricultural land poses a real challenge for foresters because soil life is often severely limited by the loss natural fungal diversity. In addition, soils have low levels species typical forest soils, which unique microbiome that plays protective role (antagonists, plant growth promoters, mycorrhizal fungi, etc.). This study aimed to determine effect using organic mater...

Biological control (BC) is defined as the use of living natural enemies, antagonists, or competitors (biological agents) to other organisms. In second half last century, general interest in BC has increased considerably because greater environmental awareness society and implementation integrated pest management (IPM) strategies have pushed towards development environmentally friendly approache...

Background: Collar rot is an important disease of lentil in India and causes significant yield loss annually. Considering the recent focus on development use environmentally feasible management strategies, objectives study was to identify resistant sources evaluation native antagonists as well plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPRs) improvement lentil. Methods: Eleven popular varieties wer...

Arthropods can produce a wide range of antifungal compounds, including specialist proteins, cuticular products, venoms and haemolymphs. In spite this, many arthropod taxa, particularly eusocial insects, make use additional compounds derived from their mutualistic association with microbes. Because multiple taxa have evolved such mutualisms, it must be assumed that, under certain ecological circ...

In the present study the effects of both CCK receptor agonists and antagonists on antinociception induced by morphine in the tail-flick test have been evaluated. M orphine induced dose-dependent antinociception in mice. The response of morphine was potentiated by sulfated cholecystokinin-8 (CCK-8S) but not by unsulfated cholecystokinin-8 (CCK-8U). The CCK receptor antagonists MK-329 and L-...

objectives: datura stramonium (ds) is a common weed along roadsides, in cornfields and pastures and in waste areas. it belongs to the family solanaceae and its toxic components are tropane belladonna alkaloids. it has been used voluntarily by teenagers for its hallucinogenic effect. the plant is named in iran as tatoore. symptoms and signs of acute d. stramonium poisoning usually are similar to...