Rapid responses to acute stresses are essential for stress survival and are critical to the ability of fungal pathogens to adapt to new environments or hosts. The rapid emergence of drug resistance is used as a model for how fungi adapt and survive stress conditions that inhibit the growth of progenitor cells. Aneuploidy and loss of heterozygosity (LOH), which are large-scale genome shifts invo...

Abstract Tuberculosis (TB) is a persistent lung infection caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis . The disease characterized high mortality rates of over 1 million per year. Unfortunately, the potency and effectiveness currently used anti-TB drugs gradually decreasing due to constant development persistence resistance M. adverse side effects associated with current drugs, along drug resistance, p...

Emergence of fungal strains showing resistance to triazole drugs can make treatment of fungal disease problematic. Triazole resistance can arise due to single mutations in the drug target lanosterol 14α-demethylase (Erg11p/CYP51). We have determined how commonly occurring single site mutations in pathogenic fungi affect triazole binding using Saccharomyces cerevisiae Erg11p (ScErg11p) as a targ...

Hsp90 is a molecular chaperone that governs drug resistance, morphogenesis, and virulence in the leading human fungal pathogen Candida albicans. Previous work with Saccharomyces cerevisiae and C. albicans established acetylation as a novel mechanism of post-translational control of Hsp90 in fungi and implicated lysine deacetylases (KDACs) as key regulators of resistance to the most common class...

conclusions this study represented an increasing rate of mdr p. aeruginosa in burn and wound samples. efflux mexab genes were detected in all mdr and pdr strains. the p. aeruginosa strain isolated from burn cases showed higher drug resistance and pdr resistance was only noted in a burn sample. materials and methods one-hundred and fifty p. aeruginosa were isolated from burn and wound infections...

Fungal virulence genes have now met the age of molecular pathogenesis. The definition of virulence genes needs to be broad so that it encompasses the focus on molecular antifungal targets and vaccine epitopes. However, in the broad but simple definition of a virulence gene, there will be many complex genetic and host interactions which investigators will need to carefully define. Nevertheless, ...

Medically important fungal infections can be broadly classified into superficial surface infections and invasive mycoses (Samaranayake and MacFarlane, 1990; Roemer and Krysan, 2014). Superficial surface infections include mucosal candidiasis, dermatophyte infections whereas invasive mycoses affect sterile body sites such as bloodstream, central nervous system, kidney, lungs, and liver. Rise of ...

Fungal infections pose a significant global health burden, affecting millions of individuals each year. Conventional antifungal therapies often suffer from limitations such as drug resistance and adverse side effects. As result, researchers have turned their attention to natural remedies, particularly medicinal plants, in search novel agents. This review article aims provide an up-to-date detai...

Over the last 50 years or so, amphotericin has been widely employed in treating life-threatening systemic fungal infections. Its usefulness in the clinic, however, has always been circumscribed by its dose-limiting side-effects, and it is also now compromised by an increasing incidence of pathogen resistance. Combating these problems through development of new anti-fungal agents requires detail...