The biology underlying excessive daytime sleepiness (hypersomnolence) is incompletely understood. After excluding known causes of sleepiness in 32 hypersomnolent patients, we showed that, in the presence of 10 μM γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA), cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) from these subjects stimulated GABA(A) receptor function in vitro by 84.0 ± 40.7% (SD) relative to the 35.8 ± 7.5% (SD) stimulatio...

Antigen-based therapies (ABTs) fail to restore normoglycemia in newly diabetic NOD mice, perhaps because too few β-cells remain by the time that ABT-induced regulatory responses arise and spread. We hypothesized that combining a fast-acting anti-inflammatory agent with an ABT could limit pathogenic responses while ABT-induced regulatory responses arose and spread. γ-Aminobutyric acid (GABA) adm...

The Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and glutamate (Glu) neurotransmitter systems are implicated in depression. While previous studies found reduced GABA levels, a tendency towards Glu, using proton (1H) magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-MRS), little is known about GABAA receptor availability Here, the aim was to characterize Glu-levels dorsal anterior cingulate cortex (dACC), whole-brain avail...

CONTEXT Anhedonia, a core symptom of major depressive disorder (MDD) and highly variable among adolescents with MDD, may involve alterations in the major inhibitory amino acid neurotransmitter system of γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA). OBJECTIVE To test whether anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) GABA levels, measured by proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy, are decreased in adolescents with MDD. Th...

Introduction: GABA is the major inhibitory neurotransmitter in mammalian brain and GABAergic alterations have been implicated in several psychiatric and neurological disorders. GABA was also proposed to underlie DFM modulation (1). Because of this growing interest in understanding physiology and pathophaysiology of cerebral GABA homeostasis, there is a need for robust measurement of in vivo GAB...

Schizophrenia is considered a neurodevelopmental and neurodegenerative disorder. Cognitive impairment is a core symptom in patients with the illness, and has been suggested a major predictor of functional outcomes. Reduction of parvalbumin (PV)-positive γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) interneurons has been associated with the pathophysiology of schizophrenia, in view of the link between the abnormal...

Keywords: GABA MRS J-difference editing J-PRESS Inhibition a b s t r a c t

Fragile X syndrome (FXS) is a form of inherited mental retardation that results from the absence of the fragile X mental retardation protein (FMRP), the product of the Fmr1 gene. Numerous studies have shown that FMRP expression in astrocytes is important in the development of FXS. Although astrocytes affect neuronal dendrite development in Fmr1 knockout (KO) mice, the factors released by astroc...

Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) is a non-protein amino that widely present in organisms. In particular, lactic bacteria (LAB) stand out this regard. The biosynthesis of GABA microorganisms mainly regulated by pH, which usually has the most pronounced effect on fermentation process. Also, production, affects media composition, time, and temperature. important positive functions human health. it k...