the supercapacitive behavior of polyaniline/mno2-carbon black (pani/mno2-cb), mno2-cb nanocompositesand cb was studied. mno2-cb made by the in situ direct coating method to deposit mno2 onto cb; then pani coating was coated on it. morphology of the nanocomposite was studied by x-ray diffraction (xrd), fourier transform infrared (ft-ir) spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy (sem). the el...

escalating development of tourism and petroleum industries in small islands such as lavan-iranrequires sound solid waste management. in the present investigation, three scenarios which consist of thecombination of landfill, recycling, incineration and composting and their environmental impacts have beenevaluated for 7514 kg/day of waste generation in lavan island. for this purpose, life cycle a...

Gametogenesis represents the most dramatic cellular differentiation pathways in both female and male flies. At the genome level, meiosis ensures that diploid germ cells become haploid gametes. At the epigenome level, extensive changes are required to turn on and shut off gene expression in a precise spatiotemporally controlled manner. Research applying conventional molecular genetics and cell b...

The formation of reproductive organs is a defining characteristic of sexual reproduction in flowering plants. Unlike animals, plants do not establish a germline early in development. In flowering species, specific somatic cells present in sexual reproductive organs divide by meiosis and differentiate haploid precursors (named spores) that undergo several mitotic divisions before giving rise to ...

The brown seaweeds (Phaeophyta) are well-suited for testing theories of the evolution of the sexual alternation of haploid and diploid generations because of the great diversity of life cycles within the phylum. Three theories are investigated in this paper. (1) Diploid growth evolves because it has the effect of complementing deleterious recessive mutations. This is rejected because (a) ancest...

An unnamed microcercous cercaria (Digenea: Monorchiidae), a parasite of Amiantis purpurata (Lamarck, 1818) (Bivalvia: Veneridae) and its corresponding metacercaria from the province of Buenos Aires and the Patagonian coast of the Southwest Atlantic Ocean, are described. The cercaria described in this paper differs from the three other monorchiid microcercous cercariae, i.e., Lasiotocus minutus ...

life cycle assessment (lca) is one of the decision support systems which can be considered for assessing the different approaches of waste management. however, it only considers environmental effects and ignores other decision making options such as economic and social effects of solid waste management. in this research, we consider a combination of three decision making options including en...

effect of five soybean varieties (sahar, jk, bp, williams and l17) on life cycle and fecundity of the beet armyworm, spodoptera exigua (hã¼bner) was evaluated at temperature of 25 â± 1â°c, 60 â± 5% r.h. and a photoperiod of 16: 8 (l: d) h. the preimaginal development period of males and females was longest on l17 (30.17 â± 0.28 and 29.63 â± 0.23 days) and shortest on bp and sahar. the adult lon...

Male gametes originate from a small population of spermatogonial stem cells (SSCs). These cells are believed to divide infinitely and to support spermatogenesis throughout life in the male. Here, we developed a strategy for the establishment of SSC lines from embryonic stem (ES) cells. These cells are able to undergo meiosis, are able to generate haploid male gametes in vitro, and are functiona...

Gametocytes, the precursor cells of malaria-parasite gametes, circulate in the blood and are responsible for transmission from host to mosquito vector. The individual proteomes of male and female gametocytes were analyzed using mass spectrometry, following separation by flow sorting of transgenic parasites expressing green fluorescent protein, in a sex-specific manner. Promoter tagging in trans...