BACKGROUND Three different explanations have been given for the observation that adolescent gang members report more delinquent behaviour than their counterparts who do not affiliate with gangs: a) adolescents who commit more crimes join gangs (selection hypothesis); b) gang membership facilitates deviant behaviour (facilitation hypothesis); c) selection and facilitation work interactively (enh...

Recent advances in wireless communication and electronics have enabled the development of low-cost sensor networks. Low energy storage is one of the critical features of nodes in these networks. Communication protocols at diierent layers have been proposed in order to reduce the energy consumption. This paper presents a MAC layer protocol, named "GANGS", as a method of saving energy in sensor n...

This article addresses the failures of United States immigration system to protect Central American minors who were trafficked for exploitation in criminal activities by gangs. In particular, it focuses on ways which US denies humanitarian protection forced participate activity Mara Salvatrucha (MS-13) and 18th Street gangs, instead detains them. The will examine this trend context a larger pro...

Purpose In their 1999 classic, Crime is Not the Problem , Zimring and Hawkins changed way criminologists thought about crime violence simply by forcing us to distinguish between them. so doing, they advanced an agenda for a more effective response real “crime” problem in America – violence. this short commentary, authors apply logic gang research responses. The argue police fall responding “gan...

Fifty-eight percent of respondents to a recent poll (http://especiales.elsalvador.com/2016/encuesta-2-aniosgestion-presidencial/)commissioned by Salvadoran newspaper El Diario de Hoy said they do not think the government's implementation of "extraordinary measures" to combat the gangs are producing good results. (See chart below) El Salvador (http://www.insightcrime.org/el-salvador-organizedcri...

The 1980’s saw an increase in youth gang violence and the rise of the crack cocaine epidemic. The public linked these two developments, often with implications of cause and effect. Conventional wisdom, however, is not always reliable. Viewed through the lens of public perception rather than that of scientific knowledge, the relationships among youth gangs, drugs, and violence are more often tal...

Editors’ abstract. Street-level netwar is just around the corner. Sullivan (L.A. County Sheriff ’s Office) observes how gangs, hooligans, and anarchists are evolving so as to develop capacities for waging netwar. He concludes his analysis by affirming the need to build interagency networks to counter the networked adversaries now coming over the law enforcement horizon. This chapter updates and...

Generative Adversarial Networks (GAN) have become one of the most successful frameworks for unsupervised generative modeling. As GANs are difficult to train much research has focused on this. However, very little of this research has directly exploited gametheoretic techniques.We introduce Generative Adversarial Network Games (GANGs), which explicitly model a finite zero-sum game between a gene...