The effectiveness and reliability of the unified power flow controller (UPFC) are determined by insulated gate bipolar transistor (IGBT) valve. Thermal losses, conduction switching losses in IGBT valve all affect efficiency UPFC. failure rate converter valves is influenced junction temperature, which has an impact on converter's reliability. Piecewise linear electrical circuit simulation (PLECS...

The measurement of a cardiac valve's area is a common procedure, usually performed with noninvasive, Doppler-based techniques. Such measurements are not, however, without problems: a potential source of errors is the value of a valve’s discharge coefficient. In-vitro pressure and flow measurements relative to the bileaflet valve of four brands were performed. A total of 12 valve samples was stu...

A case of Candida albicans endocarditis is described in which treatment with 5-fluorocytosine was started after aortic valve replacement, but relapse followed discontinuance of treatment. At a second operation the aortic valve was replaced under 5-fluorocytosine cover and treatment was continued with both 5-fluorocytosine and amphotericin-B. No resistance to 5-fluorocytosine developed, and the ...

A methodology to study the sound radiation of engine valve covers is presented. The analysis process uses a nonlinear static simulation followed by a steady state dynamics simulation to determine the sound pressure field due to the vibration of the engine cover. The effects of assembly loads are included. The methodology is demonstrated with two representative engine valve covers using acoustic...

Modulation of Charge Trapping In article number 2208688, Xiaoguang Duan, Xi-Lin Wu, and co-workers show here the Chinese legend “Carp jumps over dragon gate”. The story is about a brave carp swimming upstream, jumping ‘dragon gate’, turning into powerful dragon. Their cover design based on this legend, where carriers one electron from g-C3N4 at bottom waterfall to single-atom Co catalyst under ...

Timing analysis spans the entire design process from RTL synthesis to timing sign-off including schematic design, logic synthesis, floor plan, place and route, clock distribution etc. In this embedded tutorial we will cover timing analysis from devices to systems. At the transistor level we will cover static, dynamic and interconnect analysis. At the gate level we will cover path analysis inclu...

Drosophila harbours a simple tubular heart that ensures haemolymph circulation within the body. The heart is built by a few different cell types, including cardiomyocytes that define the luminal heart channel and ostia cells that constitute openings in the heart wall allowing haemolymph to enter the heart chamber. Regulation of flow directionality within a tube, such as blood flow in arteries o...

The cells that reside within valve cusps play an integral role in the durability and function of heart valves. There are principally two types of cells found in cusp tissue: the endothelial cells that cover the surface of the cusps and the interstitial cells (ICs) that form a network within the extracellular matrix (ECM) within the body of the cusp. Both cell types exhibit unique functions that...

In the pneumatic driving system for a soft mechanism, control valve is most heavy and expensive device. To realize compact inexpensive system, it necessary to reduce size, weight, cost of valve. previous study, low-cost 4-port servo that could flow rate by changing bending angle buckled tubes was proposed tested. However, tube in became least durable component. The speed at which altered affect...