We gauge the fermion parity symmetry of Kitaev chain. While bulk model becomes an Ising chain gauge-invariant spins in a tilted field, near boundaries global survives gauging, leading to local Majorana operators. In absence vortices, Higgs phase exhibits fermionic symmetry-protected topological (SPT) order distinct from Moreover, deconfined can be stable even presence vortices. also undertake c...

In this paper, we examine whether a monetary authority targets the exchange rate, per se, or instead simply appears to do so as it responds to the exchange rate and other variables in service to inflation and output targets. We combine data-rich estimation with a system of forward-looking equations in order to disentangle the possibilities. The combined approach reveals the potentially misleadi...

A consistent framework has been put forward to quantize the isentropic, compressible and inviscid fluid model in the Hamiltonian framework, using the Clebsch parameterization. The naive quantization is hampered by the non-canonical (in particular field dependent) Poisson Bracket algebra. To overcome this problem, the Batalin-Tyutin [11] quantization formalism is adopted in which the original sy...

The aim of this paper is twofold: First, to present an examination of the principles underlying gauge field theories. I shall argue that there are two principles directly connected to the two well-known theorems of Emmy Noether concerning global and local symmetries of the free matter-field Lagrangian, in the following referred to as “conservation principle” and “gauge principle”. Since both th...

Tubes/Pipes employed in critical applications such as Power Plants, Petrochemical industry and others, demand very stringent quality control. Various Non-Destructive Testing (NDT) techniques are used for inspection of such objects both during fabrication as well as in-service stages. Ultrasonic testing (UT) is a very popular NDT technique adopted in such applications. Flaw detection and thickne...

We propose a new procedure to embed second class systems by introducing Wess-Zumino (WZ) fields in order to unveil hidden symmetries existent in the models. This formalism is based on the direct imposition that the new Hamiltonian must be invariant by gauge-symmetry transformations. An interesting feature in this approach is the possibility to find a representation for the WZ fields in a conven...

We derive both Lagrangian and Hamiltonian mechanics as gauge theories of Newtonian mechanics. Systematic development of the distinct symmetries of dynamics and measurement suggest that gauge theory may be motivated as a reconciliation of dynamics with measurement. Applying this principle to Newton’s law with the simplest measurement theory leads to Lagrangian mechanics, while use of conformal m...

By considering representation theory for non-associative algebras we construct the fundamental and adjoint representations of the octonion algebra. We then show how these representations by associative matrices allow a consistent octonionic gauge theory to be realized. We find that non-associativity implies the existence of new terms in the transformation laws of fields and the kinetic term of ...