1. Dept. of Radiology, Imam Khomeini Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 2. Epidemiology and Biostatistics Department, School of Public Health, Knowledge Utilization Research Centre (KURC), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 3. Roozbeh Hospital, Department of Psychiatry, Imam Khomeini Hospital, Psychosomatic Ward, Tehran University of Medical Sciences,...

We consider a continuous population whose dynamics is described by the standard stationary Fleming-Viot process, so that the genealogy of n uniformly sampled individuals is distributed as the Kingman n-coalescent. In this note, we study some genealogical properties of this population when the sample is conditioned to fall entirely into a subpopulation with most recent common ancestor (MRCA) sho...

A coalescent theory of the gene genealogy within an allelic class that arises by a unique mutational event is developed and analyzed. To interpret this theory it was necessary to expand on existing theory for populations of varying size. Two features of the gene genealogy--the average pairwise distance and the total tree length--within the mutant class and within the nonmutant class are found. ...

Abstract The use of the symbol $\mathbin {\boldsymbol {\vee }}$ for disjunction in formal logic is ubiquitous. Where did it come from? paper details evolution its historical and logical context. Some sources say that as connecting propositions or formulas was introduced by Peano; others suggest originated an abbreviation Latin word “or,” vel . We show origin can be traced to Whitehead Russell’s...

Phylogenetic hypotheses generated from seven Drosophila mitochondrial genomes support a well-corroborated genealogy with a single evolutionary history. These mitochondrial data form a model system for investigating the efficiency of genes and accuracy of different tree-building methods in recovering a well-supported genealogy. We consider 15 genes (13 protein-coding and 2 rRNAs) and 83 tree-bui...

AbstractThis research seeks to uncover the origins of sanad qirā’āt Syekh ‘Abd al-Ra’ūf al-Sinkilī, which he used in Tafsir Turjumān al-Mustafīd. Abd Raūf al-Sinkilī did not mention any allusions This finding demonstrates that obtained through talaqqi or musyāfahah directly from his masters rather than commentary books. The is qualitative and employs library methods as well historical methodolo...