Current systems for Computer Aided Architectural Design are of limited use for the early phase of a design. We give a speci cation of a new system, in which we strive for a more natural and intuitive interaction. A key element is geometric analysis. From the input of the user, implicit geometric and structural relations are derived, which are used during subsequent interaction.

in early islamic era, architecture in khorasan was followed the common features of early islamic architecture style; such as simplicity in construction and ornament. in the later periods, especially in seljuq dynasty, the application of brick, stucco, tiling and inscription had been used more in architectural ornament. then, in the short period under the khwarizmshahid dynasty in khorasan, two-...

This paper describes an integrated computer environment for the structural design of new power lines, the evaluation of existing lines, and their long term management. The detailed content of the data files that need to be accessed is presented. Implementation of commonly used design and archiving functions on a workstation should help design optimization, reduce design mistakes and resul consi...

When asked to state the safety of a particular design, highway engineers are at a loss to give a single meaningful measure, as is possible in structural or geotechnical engineering. The question of a meaningful road safety design measure led to a method to estimate the margin of safety and safety index for isolated highway components. The method uses the basic highway alignment design equations...

Pigeons were trained to learn an instrumental oddity-from-sample discrimination involving visual forms. One group, the "few examples" group, dealt with 5 patterns in 40 different combinations. Another group, the "many examples" group, dealt with 20 patterns in 160 different combinations. After both groups had reached asymptotic performance and had learned to operate under partial reinforcement ...

Highway planning is a process wherein a highway network con­ sidered adequate to meet both the present and future traffic demands of an auto-oriented, ever-growing populace is visualized. It is also the process in which a procedure designed to implement the plan should be formulated. The first step in the planning process is the determination of high­ way needs. The elimination of these needs r...

current study aimed at determining the most reliable drought tolerant criteria for identification of sugar beet genotypes. a split plot design based on randomized complete block design with three replications was applied at motahari research station, karaj, iran in 2012. two irrigation treatments including normal irrigation after 80-90 mm and irrigation after 270 mm evaporation (stress conditio...

With steer-by-wire, suspension and steering systems are no longer governed by purely mechanical criteria but must instead be designed according to mechatronic considerations. This paper demonstrates an approach to steer-bywire suspension design in which geometric design variables are chosen to render the tire reaction torque about the steer axis highly predictable. This predictability, in turn,...

desertification refers to land degradation phenomenon in arid, semi-arid and dry sub-humid areas, resulting from various factors including climate variation and human activities. for evaluation and mapping of desertification many research have been conducted leading to regional and local models. in this research, among different existing methods imdpa was selected and desertification intensity ...