This paper deals with a normal form of a class of nonlinear dynamical systems. This form enables us to design a reduced-order observer for a class of nonlinear dynamical system. Necessary and sufficient geometrical conditions for the existence of a coordinate change to transform a given singular dynamical system into such normal form are also given.

In thermoelectric coolers (TECs) applied external voltage potential is generated to a temperature difference based on the Peltier effect. Main and basic structure of TECs is in the form of single stage device. Due to the low efficiency, especially low coefficient of performance (COP) of thermoelectric coolers, optimal design of geometrical parameters of such devices is vital. For this purpose, ...

Enaminones are chemical compounds consisting of an amino group (−N=) linked through a C=C to a C=O group. In this research, four various enaminone structures were theoretically optimized. These enaminone structures have been studied for substituent effect on hydrogen bond, method and basic set effects on the geometrical parameters, vibrational frequencies and etc. Drawing molecular structures a...

The Raychaudhuri equation is derived by assuming geometric flow in space–time M of n+1 dimensions. turns into a harmonic oscillator form under suitable transformations. Thereby, relation between geometrical entropy and mean geodesic deviation established. This has connection to chaos theory where the trajectories diverge exponentially. We discuss its application cosmology black holes. Thus, we ...

identity is one of the focal concepts and ideas for any human being. any kind of activity carried out by human is an attempt to gain identity which his weltanschauung-oriented ideals determine for him. contemplating the significance and inner nature of objects and actions can function as one of the most important creators of the identity of the individual, society, and the city. different faces...

As been recently pointed out, physically relevant models derived from string theory require the presence of non-vanishing form fluxes besides the usual geometrical constraints. In the case of NS-NS fluxes, the Generalized Complex Geometry encodes these informations in a beautiful geometrical structure. On the other hand, the R-R fluxes call for supergeometry as the underlying mathematical frame...

in this study, geometrical, gravimetrical and frictional properties of four common varieties of iranian canola seeds (namely: slm, hyola, okapi, orient), containing the mean moisture value of 6.5% (w.b.) were investigated. geometrical and gravimetrical properties included length, diameter, geometric mean diameter, sphericity, thousand seed mass, volume, true density, bulk density and porosity. ...

A nonabelian class of massless/massive nonlinear gauge theories of YangMills vector potentials coupled to Freedman-Townsend antisymmetric tensor potentials is constructed in four spacetime dimensions. These theories involve an extended Freedman-Townsend type coupling between the vector and tensor fields, and a Chern-Simons mass term with the addition of a Higgs type coupling of the tensor field...