Studies of biodiversity-ecosystem function in treed ecosystems have generally focused on aboveground functions. This study investigates intertrophic links between tree diversity and soil microbial community function and composition. We examined how microbial communities in surface mineral soil responded to experimental gradients of tree species richness (SR), functional diversity (FD), communit...

We have shown that the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics (PD) of basal insulins neutral protamine Hagedorn insulin (NPH), detemir, and glargine, when examined (euglycemic clamp), differ in subjects with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) (1). The primary PD end point parameter, the glucose infusion rate (GIR) over the 32 h of clamp study, was greater with glargine versus NPH and detemir. We ca...

INTRODUCTION   The aim of the present study is to propose a novel index of insulin sensitivity instead of homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), which has a fundamental limitation of validity when applied to subjects with lower insulin secretions or high fasting plasma glucose (FPG) levels. MATERIALS AND METHODS   A total of 25 apparently healthy subjects and 24 patient...

PURPOSE To investigate the effects of ischemic preconditioning (IPC) on the expression of pro and anti-apoptotic genes in rat endothelial cells undergoing enteric ischemia (I) and reperfusion (R). METHODS Thirty rats underwent clamping of the superior mesenteric vessels. Sham group (GS) laparotomy only; Ischemia (GI): intestinal ischemia (60 min); Ischemia and Reperfusion (GIR): ischemia (60 ...

Objective. To compare pharmacokinetics and -dynamics (PD) of insulin glargine (GLA) and detemir (DET), 24 subjects with T1DM (38±10 years, BMI 22.4±1.6, kg/m, HbA1c 7.2±0.7%, mean±SD) were studied after 2 week treatment with either GLA or DET once daily (randomized, double-blind, cross-over study). Methods. Plasma glucose (PG) was clamped at 100 mg/dl for 24-h after s.c. injection of 0.35 U/kg....

Low vitamin D and insulin resistance are common in polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and associated with higher inter- and intra-muscular adipose tissue (IMAT). We investigated associations between vitamin D, IMAT and insulin resistance in a cross-sectional study of 40 women with PCOS and 30 women without PCOS, and pre- and post-exercise in a 12-week intervention in 16 overweight participants (1...

We derive a local linear estimator of generalized impulse response (GIR) functions for nonlinear conditional heteroskedastic autoregressive processes and show its asymptotic normality. We suggest a plug-in bandwidth based on the derived asymptotically optimal bandwidth. A local linear estimator for the conditional variance function is proposed which has simpler bias than the standard estimator....