Isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 (IDH1) and Succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) mutant tumors may have increased levels of hypoxia inducible factor (HIF), which leads to a tumoral pseudohypoxic profile. Increased HIF levels may promote tumor progression by the activation of numerous cellular processes including resistance to apoptosis, vascular remodeling and angiogenesis. A high frequency of IDH1 mutation...

Deriving from glial, astrocyte, or dendrocyte cells, gliomas are the most frequent tumors of central nervous system. Unfortunately, most of gliomas are refractory to standard radiotherapy treatments. The median survival for patients bearing grade IV gliomas (glioblastomas) does not exceed one year even after both aggressive surgery and radiotherapy treatment (Behin et al., 2003). A standard of ...

Recurrence and progression to higher grade lesions are characteristic behaviors of gliomas. Though IDH1 mutation frequently occurs and is considered as an early event in gliomagenesis, little is known about its role in the recurrence and progression of gliomas. We therefore analysed IDH1 and IDH2 status at codon 132 of IDH1 and codon 172 of IDH2 by direct sequencing and anti-IDH1-R132H immunohi...

Characteristics of spinal cord gliomas Spinal cord gliomas comprised 20% of intraspinal tumors of all types in a large surgical series (Table 1) [1]. These tumors share several characteristics with cerebral gliomas. Spinal gliomas use the same histopathological classi®cation as gliomas of the cerebral hemispheres, such as astrocytoma and ependymoma. Determination of tumor grade is useful in pre...

Malignant gliomas are devastating neoplasia with limited curative treatment options. Temozolomide (TMZ, Temcat®, Temodal® or Temodar®) is a first-line treatment for malignant gliomas but the development of drug resistance remains a major concern. Activating transcription factor 4 (ATF4) is a critical oxido-metabolic regulator in gliomas, and its role in the pathogenesis of TMZ-resistance remain...

Metabolic reprogramming is an important characteristics of glioma, the most common form malignant brain tumor. In this chapter, we aim to discuss some recently discovered metabolic alterations in including dysregulated TCA cycle, amino acid, nucleotide, and lipid metabolism. We have also detailed metabolomic applications gliomas, particularly analyses body fluids tissues glioma patients. With n...

Epigenetic regulation plays a significant role in gliomas. However, how methylation and long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) cooperates to regulate gliomas progression is largely unknown. In this investigation we showed that the downregulation of MEG3 expression due to hypermethylation of MEG3 was observed in gliomas tissues. Treatment of glioma cells with the DNA methylation inhibitor 5-Aza-2'-deoxycy...

Malignant gliomas remain the most devastating childhood and adult tumors of the central nervous system. Although adult and pediatric gliomas are histologically indistinguishable, they differ in location, behavior, and molecular characteristics. This implies that the molecular pathways and pathophysiology of malignant gliomagenesis in these two populations are distinct. Such differences between ...

Brainstem gliomas occur in 10-20% of brain tumors in pediatrics. Over the past 3 decades, the treatment of brainstem gliomas has significantly progressed as a result of the gradual advancements in microsurgical techniques, sophisticated imaging technology and, most importantly, the availability of MRI. In this article, we review the current literature on brainstem gliomas and cover diagnosis, i...

Gliomas cause a therapeutic problem because of their localization and asymptomatic growth in the initial phase. Neoplastic growth is connected with disturbance between proliferation and apoptosis. In the study, we assessed the Bcl-2 family proteins involved in apoptosis in gliomas. The study comprised 61 patients with gliomas and based on tissue material sent for the diagnosis. Apoptosis was as...