An improved volume-averaged global model is developed for a cylindrical electronegative (EN) plasma that is applicable over a wide range of electron densities, electronegativities, and pressures. It is applied to steady and pulsed-power oxygen discharges. The model incorporates effective volume and surface loss factors for positive ions, negative ions, and electrons combining three EN discharge...

Most of the research related to human fatigue in the aviation industry has focussed on long-haul pilots, but short-haul pilots also experience elevated levels of fatigue. The aim of this study was to examine the impact of early start times on the amount of sleep obtained prior to duty and on fatigue levels at the start of duty. Seventy short-haul pilots collected data regarding their duty sched...

one of the most important duties of insured in the insurance contract, is to inform the insurer, fully and accurately. this obligation arises in three stages:before conclusion of contract, during the contract and after occurrence of the insured event. the review shows that the insured’s duty before conclusion of contract is reduced from a primary obligation to a secondary one. this means that i...

Clinicians and health researchers frequently encounter opportunities to rescue people. Rescue cases can generate a moral duty to aid those in peril. As such, bioethicists have leveraged a duty to rescue for a variety of purposes. Yet, despite its broad application, the duty to rescue is underanalysed. In this paper, we assess the state of theorising about the duty to rescue. There are large gap...

Mass gatherings are attended by an increasingly global audience and thus raise the concern of possible acute public health risks not normally encountered by the host population. The potential acute risks to individual and population health include communicable diseases. The communicable disease risks include emerging and re-emerging diseases in host and visiting populations. In this review, we ...

Background: COVID-19 has disrupted and adversely affected supply chains worldwide. A global chain network that considers disruptions is needed. This study strategically analyzes the economic structural effects of disruption on a with customs duty trans-pacific partnership (TPP) agreement. Methods: We present cost minimization model which helps in understanding difficulty supplying materials or ...