the water remains at the centre of livelihood from the beginning of human civilization. civilization enriched mostly on the fertile plains and river valleys. with times, people began migrating to highland slopes where there was easy access to water to use. two villages in mustang region of nepal were considered for research to drill the causes of conflicts on water sources right and water share...

Research is needed by global change scientists on how global vegetation biomes respond to ongoing climate warming. To address this issue, we selected study sites with significant climate warming for diverse vegetation biomes, and used global gridded temperature and remote sensing data over the past 32 years (1982–2013). The results suggested that climate warming in areas above approximately 60◦...

Background: Due to the greenhouse gases emission caused by human activities there is wide agreement about global warming. Methane is one of the most dangerous greenhouse gases in the global warming process which is produced through human activities and natural processes. In addition, the use of fertilizers and chemical pesticides would produce nitrogen monoxide in the atmosphere. This gas is an...

The role of General Circulation Models (GCMs) has become predominantly important as the practical interest in regional impacts from anthropogenic greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide (CO2) grows. This first report documents the quality of GCMs as a tool for describing and predicting ‘global warming’ and the related geographical pattern of climate change from the CO2 added to Earth’s atmosphere.

Article history: Accepted 2 May 2014 Available online 24 May 2014

The semidiurnal atmospheric thermal tide would have been resonant with free oscillations of the atmosphere when the day was approximately 21 h long, c. 600 Ma ago. Very large atmospheric tides would have resulted, with associated surface pressure oscillations in excess of 10 mbar in the tropics. Near resonance the Sun's gravitational torque on the atmospheric tide--accelerating Earth's rotati...

Through thermal expansion of oceans and melting of land-based ice, global warming is very likely contributing to the sea level rise observed during the 20th century. The amount by which further increases in global average temperature could affect sea level is only known with large uncertainties due to the limited capacity of physics-based models to predict sea levels from global surface tempera...

The comparison of observed global mean surface air temperature (GMT) change to the mean change simulated by climate models has received much public and scientific attention. For a given global warming signal produced by a climate model ensemble, there exists an envelope of GMT values representing the range of possible unforced states of the climate system (the Envelope of Unforced Noise; EUN). ...